Dran-View User Manual

DRAN-VIEW® Pro Version 5.0 USER’S GUIDE AC POWER ANALYSIS SOFTWARE For Power Platform® PP1 with TASKCard® PQPlus™ and TASKCard Flicker Power Platform PP4300 with TASKCard PQLite™ and TASKCard 808 Dranetz 8000, Dranetz 8000-2, TASKCard 8000, Dranetz 808 BMI 3100/7100/9010/9020 data through PES software DRAN-LOGGER® DL1, DL1-T TASKCard Motor Inrush Signature Systems 658 PQ Analyzer October 2000 DRANETZ-BMI 1000 New Durham Road Edison, NJ 08818-4019 Tel (732) 287-3680 Fax (732) 248-1834 Part Number OM-DRANVIEW Statement and Notices Notice regarding proprietary rights By accepting and using this manual, the user agrees that the information contained herein will be used solely for the purpose of operating equipment of Dranetz-BMI. This publication is protected under the copyright laws of the United States Title 17 et seq. Copyright Dranetz-BMI and Trinergi DRAN-VIEW Software documentation and software are copyrighted with all rights reserved. Under the copyright laws of the United States, neither the documentation nor the software may be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, or reduced to any electronic medium or machine readable form, in whole or in part, without the prior consent of Dranetz-BMI and Trinergi, except in the manner described in the following paragraph. The recipient of the software hereby agrees that the proprietary information of the program is privileged and amounts to a trade secret and that he or she will take reasonable care not to disclose such information to any third parties, nor will he or she transfer programs for consideration or otherwise to any third party. The recipient has the right to make an archival copy and one working copy (for a total of two copies) of the program diskettes for use on one machine forever. No other copies of the program diskettes can be made, and no additional copies of the documentation can be made. Dranetz-BMI is the exclusive distributor of this documentation and software worldwide, except for the Scandinavian countries (Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark and Island), which are distributed by Trinergi AB. Published by: Copyright © 2000 Trinergi AB, Dranetz-BMI All rights reserved 1000 New Durham Road Olaigatan 7 Edison, New Jersey 08818-4019 USA S-703 61 OREBRO, Sweden Telephone: 1-800-372-6832 or 732-287-3680 Telephone: +46 19-188-660 Fax: 732-248-1834 Fax: +46 19-179-010 Website: www.dranetz-bmi.com Website: www.trinergi.se Printed in the United States of America P/N OM-DRANVIEW ii DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 Statements and Notices, continued Limitation of liability Dranetz-BMI and Trinergi does not warrant that the software program will function properly in every hardware/software environment. The software may not work in combination with modified versions of the operating system, with certain print-spooling or file facility programs, or with certain computers or printers supplied by independent manufacturers. Although Dranetz-BMI and Trinergi has tested the software and reviewed the documentation, Dranetz-BMI and Trinergi makes no warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to this software or documentation, including its quality, performance, merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose. As a result, this software and documentation are licensed as is, with the licensee assuming the entire risk as to their quality and performance. In no event will Dranetz-BMI or Trinergi be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of the use or the inability to use the software or documentation, even if advised of the possibility of such damages. In particular, Dranetz-BMI and Trinergi is not responsible for any costs including but not limited to those incurred as a result of lost profits or revenue, loss of use of the computer program, loss of data, the cost of substitute programs, or any claims by third parties. Revision rights Dranetz-BMI and Trinergi reserves the right to revise this publication from time to time and to make changes in its content without any obligation of notifying previous users of such revisions or changes. Trademarks DRAN-VIEW, DRAN-LOGGER, Power Platform, and TASKCard are registered trademarks of Dranetz-BMI. PQPlus and PQLite are trademarks of Dranetz-BMI. CorelDraw is a registered trademark of Corel Systems Corporation. Microsoft (MS) and Microsoft Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. PKZIP is a registered trademark of PKWARE, Inc. All other product or brand names mentioned in this manual are trademarks of their respective holders. Statement of reliability The information in this manual has been reviewed and is believed to be entirely reliable, however, no responsibility is assumed for any inaccuracies. All material is for informational purposes only and is subject to change without prior notice. iii DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 Statements and Notices, Continued Statement of warranty All products of Dranetz-BMI and Trinergi are warranted to the original purchaser against defective material and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of delivery. Dranetz-BMI and Trinergi will repair or replace, at its option, all defective equipment that is returned, freight prepaid, during the warranty period. There will be no charge for repair provided there is no evidence that the equipment has been mishandled or abused. This warranty shall not apply to any defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance, buyer-supplied hardware/software interfacing, unauthorized modification or misuse of the equipment, operation, outside of environmental specifications, or improper site preparation or maintenance. iv DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.1. WHAT’S NEW IN 5.0 ............................................................................................................2 1.2. ADDITIONAL MATH PACKAGE FEATURES: ..........................................................................4 CHAPTER 2 - GETTING STARTED..........................................................................................6 2.1. REQUIREMENTS...................................................................................................................6 2.2. INSTALLING DRAN-VIEW...................................................................................................7 2.2.1. Upgrading to DRAN-VIEW 5.0 from an older version..........................................7 2.2.2. Follow these steps to install DRAN-VIEW..............................................................8 2.2.3. Getting a License Key to run DRAN-VIEW more then 15 days.........................8 2.2.4. Moving the License Key Code to another computer ............................................8 2.2.5. Getting a separate License Key Codes for another computer ............................8 2.3. THE LICENSE KEY CODE AND THE REGISTRATION GUIDE ................................................9 2.3.1. Running the Registration Guide ............................................................................11 2.4. CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS...............................................................................13 CHAPTER 3 - GENERAL CONCEPTS ..................................................................................14 3.1. THE MAIN SCREEN............................................................................................................14 3.2. THE RIGHT MOUSE BUTTON .............................................................................................15 3.3. THE SHORTCUT KEYS.......................................................................................................16 CHAPTER 4 - THE FILE MENU...............................................................................................17 4.1. OPEN.................................................................................................................................17 4.2. CLOSE ...............................................................................................................................18 4.3. IMPORT...............................................................................................................................18 4.3.1. Import NodeLink.......................................................................................................18 4.3.2. Import PES................................................................................................................18 4.3.3. Import 658 .................................................................................................................21 4.4. APPEND.............................................................................................................................22 4.5. SAVE .................................................................................................................................24 4.6. SAVE AS ...........................................................................................................................25 4.7. PRINT.................................................................................................................................27 4.8. PRINT PREVIEW ................................................................................................................27 4.9. PRINT SETUP.....................................................................................................................28 4.10. PRINTER QUEUE ............................................................................................................30 4.11. REPORT WRITER............................................................................................................32 4.11.1. Report Writer Wizard - The first page ................................................................32 4.11.2. Report Writer Wizard - Customizing the automated report.............................34 4.11.3. Report Writer Wizard - The Final Page .............................................................36 4.11.4. Report Writer Wizard - Time-plot setup for Advanced Report........................38 4.11.5. Report Writer Wizard - Harmonic Time-plot setup for Advanced Report .....40 4.11.6. Report Writer Wizard - Worst Case events setup for Advanced Report.......41 4.12. SEND..............................................................................................................................43 v DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 4.13. EXIT ................................................................................................................................43 CHAPTER 5 - THE EDIT MENU ..............................................................................................44 5.1. COPY.................................................................................................................................44 5.2. FIND...................................................................................................................................45 CHAPTER 6 - THE VIEW MENU .............................................................................................46 6.1. HARMONIC TIME-PLOT.......................................................................................................46 6.2. FFT....................................................................................................................................47 6.2.1. Fine tuning FFT selection.......................................................................................49 6.3. INSTRUMENT CONFIGURATION ..........................................................................................51 6.4. WORST CASE SUMMARY...................................................................................................53 6.5. DATA LIST..........................................................................................................................54 6.6. PEAK REPORT...................................................................................................................55 6.7. HARMONIC DEMO TOOL....................................................................................................56 6.8. TOOLBARS.........................................................................................................................57 6.9. WALLPAPER......................................................................................................................57 6.10. ZOOM IN .........................................................................................................................58 6.11. UNZOOM.........................................................................................................................58 6.12. DELTA MEASUREMENT..................................................................................................59 6.13. PAN/ROTATE OPERATIONS ...........................................................................................60 6.14. GOTO..............................................................................................................................60 CHAPTER 7 - THE FORMAT MENU.......................................................................................61 7.1. TIMEPLOT CHART...........................................................................................................61 7.2. EVENT CHART...................................................................................................................61 7.3. EVENT LIST........................................................................................................................62 7.3.1. View tab .....................................................................................................................62 7.3.2. Event filter tab...........................................................................................................63 7.4. STYLE GALLERY................................................................................................................65 7.4.1. Different ways to apply styles .................................................................................65 7.4.2. Managing the styles ................................................................................................66 CHAPTER 8 - THE TOOLS MENU..........................................................................................69 8.1. HARMONICS / TIMEPLOT CALCULATIONS ..........................................................................69 8.1.1. Generate missing parameters from wave data (Math Package only) ..............71 8.1.2. Calculate and show DPF instead of KFact (Math Package only).....................71 8.1.3. Rename inputs (Math Package only) ...................................................................72 8.1.4. Invert waveforms (Math Package only).................................................................73 8.1.5. Change scale factors (Math Package only).........................................................73 8.1.6. Calculate Watt harmonics (Math Package only).................................................74 8.1.7. Calculate Symmetrical components (Math Package only)...............................74 8.2. FLICKER CALCULATIONS....................................................................................................74 8.3. ENERGY CALCULATIONS (MATH PACKAGE ONLY)...........................................................75 8.4. ADJUST TIMESTAMPS (MATH PACKAGE ONLY)................................................................76 vi DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 8.5. OPTIONS ............................................................................................................................77 8.5.1. Clipboard settings....................................................................................................77 8.5.2. Change Language...................................................................................................78 8.5.3. Restore factory default settings..............................................................................80 8.5.4. Move License ...........................................................................................................81 CHAPTER 9 - THE WINDOW MENU ......................................................................................83 9.1. CASCADE ..........................................................................................................................83 9.2. TILE....................................................................................................................................83 9.3. DUPLICATE ........................................................................................................................83 9.4. CLOSE ALL........................................................................................................................83 9.5. THE SPLIT COMMANDS.....................................................................................................84 CHAPTER 10 - THE CHART PROPERTIES DIALOGS ......................................................85 10.1. THE ‘CHANNELS’ TAB....................................................................................................85 10.2. CHANNELS: TIMEPLOT...................................................................................................86 10.2.1. Timeplot mathematical expression evaluator (Math Package only) ...............88 10.3. CHANNELS: HARMONIC TIMEPLOT.................................................................................93 10.4. CHANNELS: WAVEFORMS.............................................................................................95 10.4.1. Waveform mathematical expression evaluator (Math Package only).............96 10.5. CHANNELS: FFT............................................................................................................98 10.5.1. Channels: FFT with Symmetrical Components (Math Package only).......... 103 10.6. THE ‘HEADER/FOOTER’ TAB....................................................................................... 104 10.7. COLORS ...................................................................................................................... 105 10.8. AXIS............................................................................................................................. 107 10.9. 3D ............................................................................................................................... 108 10.10. TABLE.......................................................................................................................... 109 10.11. PHASOR TAB............................................................................................................... 110 CHAPTER 11 - TECH NOTES .............................................................................................. 112 11.1. HOW DOES DRAN-VIEW DO HARMONIC ANALYSIS ?.............................................. 112 11.2. HOW DOES DRAN-VIEW DO WEIGHTED STATISTICS ?............................................ 122 11.3. ON VOLTAGE DIP LOCATION AND SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS............................. 123 11.4. HOW DO I GET THE DATA INTO MICROSOFT EXCEL ? ................................................ 129 11.5. HOW DO I GET THE CHART INTO OTHER APPLICATIONS, SUCH AS MS WORD ?....... 130 11.6. I GOT AN ERROR MESSAGE. WHAT DOES IT MEAN ?................................................. 131 11.7. HOW DO I RESET EVERYTHING TO FACTORY DEFAULTS ? ........................................ 133 11.8. WHAT KIND OF DRANETZ/TASKCARD 8000 FILES CAN BE READ ?..................... 134 11.8.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 134 11.8.2. Power calculations ................................................................................................ 135 11.8.3. File formats ............................................................................................................ 135 vii DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 Chapter 1 - Introduction This manual contains information about the contents, installation and operation of the DRAN-VIEW family of software packages. DRAN-VIEW is a tool for viewing data on a PC from the following Dranetz-BMI analyzers and TASKCards: Package name Supporting: PP4300 Package TASKCard PQLite™, TASKCard 808 PP1 Package TASKCard® PQPlus™, TASKCard Flicker TASKCard Motor Inrush, TASKCard 8000 DRAN-LINK PP1 Dranetz Package TASKCard PQLite™, TASKCard 808 TASKCard® PQPlus™, TASKCard Flicker TASKCard Motor Inrush, TASKCard 8000 658 PQ Power Analyzer DRAN-LINK PP1/658 DRAN-LOGGER® DL1, DL1-T BMI/PQDIF Package 3100 through PES 7100 through PES 9010/20 through PES Signature System InfoNodes through NodeLink Other compatible PQDIF data sources All Products Package Everything in Dranetz Package and BMI/PQDIF Package Math Package Add-On Math package, giving additional flexibility to the application. Must be combined with one of the above DRAN- VIEW packages. Note: When purchasing DRAN-VIEW a set of software drivers are included in order to provide the features included in the package. To find out about the instrument(s) supported by your installation, use the Help-About command from the main menu. DRAN-VIEW is a Windows 95/98 and Windows NT compatible program that is used to access and retrieve data from data files on a memory card (requires PCMCIA slot or memory card reader) or from other disk media compatible with the MS-Windows operating system. 1 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 1.1. What’s new in 5.0 All Dranview 5.0 packages will include all the features of DRAN-VIEW 4.0 Pro, plus the following new features: ♦ Stacked Charts The charts can now plot data in a stacked form as well as the previous overlaid form. With stacked charts the parameters are given an individual y-axis and plot area, but are still using the same x-axis. This feature greatly improves the readability on screen and in your power quality reports. ♦ Event Filter With the Event Filter you can remove any single event, events within a particular time-range or events of a particular type from the scope of the measurement and then do all plots and calculations as if these events had never existed. Another related new feature is the Find function, introduced in order for you to locate and step between a particular event type easily. ♦ Style Gallery The style gallery is a collection of your own favorite chart attributes. All attributes (or styles as we prefer to call them) contains all the colors, fonts headers etc which DRAN-VIEW uses to present the data. By applying a Style, you make sure that formatting of charts will look consistent throughout the report/printouts you are producing. ♦ Printer Queue The printer queue will help you organize your printouts. When writing a PQ-report you normally want to include a large number of different printouts from one or many different files. The printer queue works like a store where you collect the printouts without actually printing them until you are ready. Within the queue you can organize the print order and also assign predefined attributes from a template in the Style Gallery. ♦ Peak/Worst Case Reports Produce a page with peak and worst case data for your report. The phase highest distortion will be highlighted. ♦ Harmonic Demo Tool The Demo Tool demonstrates harmonics theory in suitable way for education. The data shown has nothing to do with the actual document file you have loaded. You have possibility to add separate phase amplitudes for the three phases and also add separate harmonic components with possibility to change the phase angle for each component. In the screen you can observe the 3 phases and how the harmonics affects the neutral line. A Hold function makes it possible to freeze and compare two different setups at the same time. ♦ 32-BIT APPLICATION Now, being a true 32-bit application, computations are carried out much more quickly and due to the better memory management, larger files can be handled with ease. 2 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 In order to support the whole range of Dranetz BMI instruments, the following databases have now been added (dependant of package type, i.e. installed drivers): ♦ TASKCard Motor Inrush files (*.MIR, *.INR). DRAN-VIEW can now read *.MIR and *.INR files. Time-plot parameters are calculated on a cycle-per-cycle basis from the captured waveforms and gives you possibility to display Vrms, Irms, Vpeak, Ipeak, W, VA, VAR, PF, Hz, Vthd%, Ithd%, VthdAbs, IthdAbs as well as Harmonic timeplots. ♦ Model 8000 DRAN-VIEW can now read *.TXT, *.21, *.28, *.29B reports from Dranetz-808, Dranetz 8000, Dranetz 8000-2 and PP1 with TASKCard 8000 and display the time-plot data. Some restrictions are explained on page 134. ♦ PQPager/3100/7100/9010/9020 PES databases DRAN-VIEW can now read PES databases and present the data. For 9010/20 DRAN-VIEW is limited to 8 waveform channels even though the database may continue up to 16 waveform channels. ♦ Signature System / PQDIF Support The PQDIF file format has been developed to facilitate the exchange of Power Quality data between systems, regardless of vendor. DRAN-VIEW now supports a subset of the PQDIF standard in order to read Signature System databases. DRAN-VIEW is integrated with the NodeLink application from which you can download data from the web-based Signature System and present it with DRAN-VIEW. ♦ Dranetz-658 Append The File-Append feature (combining several measurement files into one), now supports the 658 databases. This feature should only be used with files having the same Volts or Amps channel setup. Significant changes in the installation of DRAN-VIEW software are being made. The reason for these changes are to get us closer to the end user of our products and secondly to prevent illegal copying of our software. ♦ License Key Codes A DRAN-VIEW package can be used up to 15 days before a License Key Code is required in order to “unlock” the software. To get a license key code the user will have to run the Registration Guide Wizard within Dranview. Requests for license key codes are either sent to Dranetz-BMI (all countries except Scandinavia) or Trinergi AB (Scandinavian countries). Updating to another package requires a new License Key Code. Moving the license to another computer is free of charge and includes extracting a Removal Key Code from the source computer, and then entering the same Removal Key Code into the destination computer. For communication, e-mail, fax or regular letters are supported (e-mail preferred). The Second key for customer using both LapTop and Desktop is different from the first key. See price list. 3 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 1.2. Additional Math Package features: ♦ Extended parameter calculations This function makes it possible to populate the time-plot graphs with additional points by calculating them from waveform data. Some events generated by the PQPlus and PLite TASKCards do not produce all of the time-plot parameters, but with this feature your time-plot charts can be more detailed. This feature is implemented for TASKCard PQPlus, TASKCard PQLite and TASKCard 808 ♦ Showing Displacement Power Factor (DPF) instead of K-factor In conjunction with the Extended Parameter Calculations it is possible to calculate DPF instead of the K- Factor parameter. This feature is implemented for TASKCard PQPlus, TASKCard PQLite and TASKCard 808 ♦ Rename inputs Do you want to measure temperature or any other physical parameter on Channel D ? With this feature you can measure and display any parameter and unit for the voltage or current channels. This feature is implemented for TASKCard PQPlus, TASKCard PQLite, TASKCard 808, Dranetz 658 and TASKCard Motor Inrush. ♦ Invert waveforms Ever hooked up one of the probes the wrong way and found this out too late? With this feature this kind of problem is easily solved since it gives you the ability to invert any voltage or current input and then re- calculate the parameters accordingly. This feature is implemented for TASKCard PQPlus, TASKCard PQLite, TASKCard 808 and TASKCard Motor Inrush. ♦ Energy ON/OFF Peak calculations This feature gives you the capability to calculate and display on-peak and off-peak energy. You can specify individual on- and off-peak periods for any day in the week. The on- and off-peak values are shown in the footer of the time-plot chart. This feature is implemented for all instruments except Dranetz 658, TASKCard Flicker and DRAN-LOGGER ♦ Symmetrical Components Voltage and current Positive, Negative and Zero sequence components can be calculated and presented in many ways: 1. Absolute values 2. Percentage of positive sequence components 3. Percentage of positive sequence fundamental component. The symmetrical components can be plotted on an event-by-event basis, as a regular harmonic bar chart analysis, or as a time-plot spanning over the scope of the entire file. This feature is implemented for all instruments except TASKCard Flicker and DRAN-LOGGER ♦ Watt harmonics Watt harmonic components can be calculated and displayed as a time-plot. This feature is implemented for all instruments except TASKCard Flicker and DRAN-LOGGER 4 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 ♦ Mathematical Expressions Mathematical expressions and formulas can be used to plot additional user-defined channels within both the time-plot chart and the waveform chart. The formulas may contain constants and variables from the measured data within the file in order to produce new parameters. This feature is implemented for all instruments except DRAN-LOGGER ♦ Time adjustments This command is useful if you afterwards find out that the real-time clock of the instrument was incorrect while doing the measurement, or if you want to synchronize to some other time-base. This feature is implemented for all instruments except Dranetz 658, TASKCard Flicker, TASKCard MotorInrush and DRAN-LOGGER. ♦ Post Measurement K-Factor Adjustment If you have set-up the instrument K-factors incorrectly during a measurement, you can change them afterwards and then the program will re-calculate the parameters accordingly. This feature is implemented for TASKCard PQPlus, TASKCard PQLite and TASKCard 808 5 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide Chapter 2 - Getting Started 2.1. Requirements Operating system: MS-Windows 95,98 or NT Processor: 386 or higher Memory requirements: 16Mb or more Disk requirements: 6.0 MB for installation At least 24 MB free disk for file conversions in order to import instrument data files. 6 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 2.2. Installing DRAN-VIEW NOTE - A typical DRAN-VIEW software installation process will minimally require two diskettes. License and security issues First time installation - READ CAREFULLY Your DRIVER disks will be digitally marked with the “name” and “company” signature you provide when you install DRAN-VIEW 5.0. Your driver disks will only be accepted by your particular copy of DRAN-VIEW in the future. At installation time users should record their license information exactly for possible future use. In a normal upgrade situation DRAN-VIEW will automatically know who the intended licensee is and will use that information during installation setup. If the system happens to lose the license information (because the DRAN-VIEW directory was deleted, for instance) and the user wishes to upgrade to a new version of DRAN-VIEW you will be left with registered drivers and unregistered applications software. In this situation it is imperative to know the exact license signature of the drivers or you will be unable to install the new software successfully. 2.2.1. Upgrading to DRAN-VIEW 5.0 from an older version To upgrade from 4.0 to 5.0 you would normally purchase the DRAN-VIEW 5.0 Pro Upgrade version of DRAN-VIEW. The Upgrade version checks and requires that you have 4.0 or newer installed onto your machine in order to carry out the upgrade installation. Drivers in use by 4.0 will not work on 5.0 since new drivers have superseded them. Note 1: If you wish to change the name of the licensee and company from that which was recorded in your previous installation of DRAN-VIEW, you must remove the file DRAN- VIEW.LIC in the existing DRANVIEW installation directory, BEFORE running the new DRAN-VIEW setup for the first time. Otherwise the SETUP utility will force your new DRAN- VIEW to have the very same license information as the old version. Note 2: In order to ensure proper registration of the drivers, reinstallation of the original driver diskettes is strongly recommended. Note 3: The write protection tab on your old DRIVER diskette(s) must be disabled (WRITE- ENABLED). Your DRIVER disks will be digitally marked with the same “name” and “company” signature you provided when you installed the old DRAN-VIEW. If the drivers do not match the signature of the DRAN-VIEW application, the program will not accept the driver(s). In other words, you are not allowed to share your drivers with other DRAN-VIEW installations. 7 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 2.2.2. Follow these steps to install DRAN-VIEW Insert the DRAN-VIEW installation diskette in the a: (or b:) drive Click the start button and select RUN. Type a:\setup (or b:\setup) and press ENTER Follow the on-screen instructions - insert available DRAN-VIEW driver diskette(s) when requested or Insert the DRAN-VIEW installation diskette in the a: (or b:) drive Click the Start button and run Explorer Select drive a: (or b:) and double-click on the SETUP.EXE file Follow the on-screen instructions - insert available DRAN-VIEW driver diskette(s) when requested DRAN-VIEW creates a DRANVIEW.INI file in the Windows directory and inserts a reference to DRAN-VIEW under “Programs” in the WIN.INI file. Once the DRAN-VIEW installation is completed, the DRAN-VIEW icon will be added to the existing Dranetz-BMI Power Suite program group (if one doesn't already exist, a new group will be created). Double-click the DRAN-VIEW icon at any time to start the DRAN-VIEW application. 2.2.3. Getting a License Key to run DRAN-VIEW more then 15 days In order to run the program more then 15 days you will have to register and receive a License Key Code. Please read more on page 9. For pricing information please contact your vendor. 2.2.4. Moving the License Key Code to another computer In order to move the License Key Code to a new computer and thereby disabling further use of DRAN-VIEW in the first computer, please read more on page 10. This operation is free of charge. 2.2.5. Getting a separate License Key Codes for another computer In order to get a second License Key Codes for one additional computer you simply install the software on the second machine and then run the Registration Guide without using a Removal Key Code. Please read more on page 9. For pricing information regarding additional Licenses contact your vendor. 8 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 2.3. The License Key Code and the Registration Guide Note: License Key Codes procedure and Registration Guide is not incorporated in DRAN- VIEW Rental and DRAN-VIEW Demo packages. After the first installation of DRAN-VIEW 5.0, the software will only run for 15 days. In order to have an unlimited usage of the application, you will have to receive a License Key Code from either Dranetz-BMI Inc (US and everywhere worldwide except Scandinavia) or Trinergi AB (Scandinavian countries). Until the correct License Key Code has been entered, the following window will show every time you start DRAN-VIEW. Press OK to start DRAN-VIEW or press “Registration Guide” in order to apply for a License Key Code. If you have received a License Key Code, just type it in before pressing OK and the above screen will not show any more. 9 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide IMPORTANT NOTES • The License Key Code is individual for every physical machine. In order to install on one additional machine you will have to apply for an extra license key code for that particular machine. • The License Key Code is individual for the type of package (drivers) you have received. If upgrading to another package or if you purchase the additional Math Package, you will have to apply for a new License Key Code because the old will not be accepted. • If you want to MOVE your license to a new machine, you will have to run the Tools- Options-Move License command from the DRAN-VIEW menu on your OLD machine. You will thereby get a Removal Key Code which should be used when you apply for a new License Key Code on the NEW machine. When receiving the Removal Key Code DRAN-VIEW will only work for 15 more days on the old machine. (In case you want to re- activate the old machine you will have to use the Code Key and apply for a new License Key Code as if it were a new machine). Customer is running Registration Guide 1. Request for License Key Code (purchase) 2. Receiving License Key Code Eventually you will upgrade to a new machine… 3. Run Tools-Options-Move License (in the old machine) Removal Key Code Customer is running Registration Guide (with Removal Key) 4. Request for FREE License Key Code 5. Receiving FREE License Key Code 10 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 2.3.1. Running the Registration Guide This chapter shows the steps involved when applying for a License Key Code. In this page you choose if it is a: 1. A new installation 2. An installation moved from another machine. In the latter case you will have to provide a Removal Key Code obtained when disabling the license on the previous machine using the command Tools-Options-Move license. In this page you simply fill in information about yourself. Some fields are required in order to proceed to the next page, and some fields are already filled in with information you gave when running SETUP. It is very important that you fill-in correct information since it will be stored in a user-database at Dranetz-BMI. In return you will receive information about DRAN-VIEW updates. Privacy: Your e-mail address will be NOT be provided to outside Dranetz-BMI and Trinergi. In this page you will have to select if you are a customer within Scandinavia or not. This page will determine where the request for the License Key Code is to be sent. The license key code is generated and maintained by separate systems inside and outside the Scandinavian countries. 11 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide This is the final page. You can e-mail directly from here, or print out a sheet for Fax, Letter or Telephone conversation. We strongly advise you to use the e-mail option. The e-mail will contain an attachment helping us to respond with YOUR License Key Code with the shortest possible delay (normally the same day). If having problem using the e-mail, please contact your computer department in order to setup MAPI correctly in the Windows control panel. 12 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 2.4. CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS • DRAN-VIEW does NOT support OLE (Object Linking and Embedding). • DRAN-VIEW supports DRAG and DROP. If you drag a DRAN-VIEW readable file, such as a .DNV-file from the File manager or Explorer and drop it over either the started DRAN-VIEW application or the DRAN-VIEW icon, DRAN-VIEW starts with the document loaded. • If the following extensions have not been previously associated by another application DRAN-VIEW will associate them to the DRAN-VIEW application automatically: ‘EVT’, ‘MDB’, ‘DL1’, ‘658’, ‘$$$’, ’MIR’, ’INR’, ’21’, ’28’ and ‘29B’. The following extensions are always associated to DRAN-VIEW: ‘DNV’ and ‘PQD’. This means that if you double- click a file with any of these extensions, DRAN-VIEW will start with that document loaded (or loads it, if already started). DRAN-VIEW adheres to a “first come first serve” association protocol, deferring to a previous association to prevent conflicts with other applications that may associate the same extensions. If Microsoft Access is already installed DRAN-VIEW will not usurp association rights for the MDB extension upon installation. Conversely, if Microsoft Access is installed after DRAN-VIEW is installed the MDB association will be usurped by Access. In either situation, if you wish for DRAN-VIEW to have the association you must do it manually • DRAN-VIEW can process, handle and display very large amounts of data very quickly. To achieve this peak performance, DRAN-VIEW must use a considerably large amount of memory. If you have a system with only 16 MB of RAM, you should avoid having too many files loaded at the same time. Without adequate memory, the system will be forced to swap data between disk and physical RAM memory frequently, thus degrading performance. To view how much memory DRAN-VIEW is using you can use the ‘More info…’ button in the Help-About dialog box. • DRAN-VIEW may not be able to read 658 diskettes if they are not fully hardware/software compatible with a standard 1.44 MB diskette drive. • Diskette drives LS-120 (supporting both 1.44 MB and 120MB diskettes) are known to be incompatible when reading Dranetz 658 instrument files. This might also be the case with other diskette drives not hardware compatible with standard 1.44 MB drives. 13 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide Chapter 3 - General Concepts 3.1. The Main Screen Left pane: Event list Split control Right pane: Timeplot chart or Event report / waveforms Harmonic timeplot chart FFT chart To fully understand how to operate this program it is important to know how the items on the screen are tied together and how to manipulate them. The document view (window) is divided into two panes1. These panes are divided by the split control (a vertical line between the panes). The position of the split control can be changed, either by clicking and dragging the split control to the left or right with the mouse, or by selecting one of the three split functions in the toolbar. The left pane shows the TIMEPLOT charts, and the right shows waveform or event details (in text) if available. At any time, only one event can be active (selected) in a document. To select a particular event, pull down the event list (located in the toolbar). If you wish to step back and forth between adjacent events, it is often easier to use the toolbar buttons. Another way is to click directly into one of the charts. As you hold the mouse button down, the cursor is shown as a vertical line. Position the vertical line at the desired time stamp and release the mouse button. If the “Snap to waveform event” option has been selected the selected event will be the closest waveform that matches the time stamp. If “Snap to 1 (The Event Waveform detail pane cannot be displayed when using the DRAN-LOGGER DL-1 or DL1-T). 14 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 waveform event” is not selected then the event selected will be the event closest to the cursor position. In this fashion you can click on the timeplot to select an event in the region of interest and then use the tool bar in the right pane or the event list pull down to select the exact event(s) of interest. The currently selected event is always marked in the charts with a vertical line, or if zoomed, shown as a rectangle with shaded background. When you move the mouse over a chart it will show as a cross hair. The coordinates for the cross hair are shown in the indicators below the chart in the lower left of the screen. The keyboard arrow keys may also move the cross hair. The cross hair is also used by the zoom function and the delta measurement feature. 3.2. The Right Mouse Button To quickly access important settings, the program activates a pop-up menu when you point at a chart and click the right mouse button. Left pane: Right pane: Note: The selection lists above may differ slightly dependent on the particular type of file being viewed. 15 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 3.3. The Shortcut Keys If you are not using a mouse or if you prefer using the keyboard, the program supports the following shortcut keys. Ctrl+C Copy to clipboard Ctrl+D Show data in table list Ctrl+E Put split control in the middle 2 Ctrl+F Toggle FFT on/off 2 Ctrl+H Harmonic timeplot on/off 2 Ctrl+I Toggle Zoom in Ctrl+M Toggle delta measurements on/off Ctrl+O Open file Ctrl+P Print Ctrl+R Put splitter to the right 2 Ctrl+S Save file Ctrl+U Zoom out F1 Help Shift-F1 Context help F3 First event F4 Previous waveform group 2 F5 Previous waveform event 2 F6 Previous event F7 Next event F8 Next waveform event 2 F9 Next waveform group 2 F10 Last event Left, Right, Up, Down Moves the cursor. 2 Not supported by DRAN-LOGGER databases 16 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 Chapter 4 - The File menu 4.1. Open Dranview can open files created may different instruments. As part of reading the file Dranview converts the file to a Dranview format. To open a file select one of your files and press OK to start the conversion process. Multiple files can be opened if you hold down the SHIFT key and click on another filename(s). When you click the OK button these files will be loaded automatically. If you want to store the file, it will be given the extension .DNV. This is the document file format of DRAN-VIEW. DNV files normally occupy less space on the disk and also load faster than .MDB and .EVT files. The DNV file format is not compatible with any program other than DRAN-VIEW and is highly compressed. There is little to be gained by packing it with other compression tools. DNV files contain information about the actual chart settings in use when the file was saved. When the file is loaded it will appear exactly as it was when you saved it. DRAN-VIEW can read the following file formats: • PQLite TASKCard files with the extension .MDB or .EVT. • PQPlus TASKCard files with the extension .MDB or .EVT. • Flicker TASKCard files with the extension .MDB or .EVT. • Task808 TASKCard files with the extension .MDB or .EVT. 17 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide • PQPlus TASKCard remote files, downloaded by serial link or modem with the extension .DAT (with some restrictions) • DRAN-SCAN 2000 files with the extension .PPR • DRAN-LOGGER files with the extension .DL1. • 658 PQ ANALYZER files with the extension .658 or .$$$ • TASKCard Inrush with the extensions .INR or .MIR • Dranetz 808, 8000, 8000-2 or TASKCard 8000 files with the extensions .TXT, .21, .28, .29B (with some restrictions, see page 134) Toolbar button : 4.2. Close Closes the currently active document. If changes have been made, you will be prompted to save it first. 4.3. Import Whenever the File-Open command is not sufficient to handle a particular type of input data, a separate Import command has been developed. The commands have a dialog box specially dedicated for the data or database type. 4.3.1. Import NodeLink From this dialog box it is possible to select a NodeLink database and read the data into DRAN-VIEW. 3 4.3.2. Import PES From this dialog box it is possible to select a PES database and load its contents into DRAN-VIEW. 4 3 The File-Import Nodelink command is only available if the BMI/PQDIF Package or the All Products Package is installed together with the NodeLink application. 4 The File-Import PES command is only available if the BMI/PQDIF Package or the All Products Package is installed. 18 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 Normally this command finds its way to the PES database automatically, but using the upper-most Browse button can specify an alternative path. Normally you select only one of the database records in the PES database and click OK to read the data into DRAN- VIEW. A separate DAT-file can be imported by using the lower-most Browse button. The Filter button expands the dialog box to show all the events in the selected record in a list box, as shown below: In this mode it is possible to import only a subset by selecting a starting time and a ending time for the range of time you want to import. Tip: Instead of typing in the date and time, you can left-click on the starting record and right- click on the record you want to use as you ending record. 19 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 20 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 4.3.3. Import 658 Use this command to load native format 658 data stored on a diskette or to import data from an existing installation of the 658GHA software. This command brings up the Import658 dialog box. 5 Use this tab to import data from a 658 PQ ANALYZER native data diskette. Insert the diskette, select the correct drive letter and press the OK button. Store the data to a DNV file using the ‘File-Save As’ dialog box. Use this tab to read data generated by the 658GHA software. This tab will accept either 658GHA DATABASE data or 658GHA BACKUP LOCATION diskette data. The first time you switch to this tab, DRAN-VIEW will automatically check for a 658GHA database on drive C:. 5 This option is available only if the Dranetz Package or All Products Package is installed. 21 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide • Accessing the 658GHA database: Select the appropriate drive using the Drive list box. Press the Find button. DRAN-VIEW scans the entire disk for the first 658GHA database it finds. If no database is found then the list box will be empty. To read a record in the database select the entry and press the OK button. • Accessing a 658GHA BACKUP LOCATION diskette: Select drive A: (or B:) in the Drive list box. Then press the Find button. DRAN-VIEW checks to see if the diskette contains a backup location file and then shows the location name in the list box. Select the location in the list box and press the OK button. After you have read the diskette you may want to change the Drive list box back to your primary 658GHA database by first selecting an appropriate hard-disk drive and then pressing the Find button. 4.4. Append This command allows several files to be merged into one DRAN-VIEW DNV file. Use this command to add another database file (DNV, MDB or EVT) to the active document. After the APPEND process, the document will contain data from two individual data files in a single file. Another APPEND can be issued to add data from a third data-file into the document and so on. The data from the individual files will be inserted according to their timestamps. If two data sources overlap (in time) then the file with the most recent starting time will have priority and therefore overwrites existing data. Step 1. Load the MDB/EVT or DNV file you want to ADD another file into, using the normal File-Open command. This initial file will be referred to as the Document in the following steps. Step 2. Make sure that the target document has been selected on the screen, and then run the File-Append command. This will bring up a dialog that looks like a File-Open dialog. Select the MDB, EVT or DNV file you want to insert into the target document. Step 3. The following dialog box shows the relationship of the two files. If the bars overlap then the oldest file will have its data removed in favor to the data of the newest file in the overlap region. 22 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 Press Append to start the conversion. You may now want to save the document into a new disk file with a new name so the original data is not overwritten. Note: EVT/MDB files will never be modified by this operation. Only the DNV file is changed. If you take a close look in the event list you will see a new type of event that indicates where in time the newest file starts (Event number 72 in the example below). The new “File Join”-event contains a complete set of instrument configurations. When you select the first event of the joined file DRAN-VIEW uses the “File Join” -event to 23 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide insert the instrument configuration context that existed for the joined event file rather than using the old, possibly invalid configuration. This is shown easily by using the View-Instrument Config command on an event before the Join Event, and then looking at it again when selecting an event following the Join-Event. As an example the Site Information String (&s) that you may include in your chart footers may change when DRAN-VIEW comes to the File-Join event. This demonstrates that the “Join - Event” contains both the instrument and the DRAN- VIEW setups of the joined file. Note: This command is provided primarily as a means to join (concatenate) and merge databases of similar content and origin. There will be some data loss in the older file in regions of data overlap. Some caution is indicated to help avoid unexpected or nonsense results. For instance, combining a 658 with a PP1 PQPlus™ database is not recommended. This command is best used when appending files measured with the same instrument and on the same measuring point. In particular the 658 append feature will ONLY work properly when data with the same setups is appended. Attempting to append data with differing setups may cause unpredictable results. At minimum, only append files that have the same line frequency. There is no theoretical limitation on how many files may be appended. There is however a theoretical limitation of 32000 events in a DNV file. Before reaching these 32000 events you will find that DRAN-VIEW starts to become slower and slower due to the huge amount of data. The practical limitation depends on the performance of your computer. 4.5. Save Saves the currently active document. The Save As dialog will appear if it is not a .DNV file. When you re-save a .DNV file, it takes a very short time. The first time a new file is saved takes longer because DRAN-VIEW must store the complete set of data. Toolbar button : 24 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 4.6. Save As Use this command to save and name the active document. DRAN-VIEW displays the Save As dialog box so you can name your document. You can use this dialog to give your DRAN-VIEW (DNV) document another name or to export data to an ASCII-file or to a PQDIF file. PQDIF format Export the data into an uncompressed PQDIF file. The PQDIF export is currently only supported for data from Signature System/NODE-LINK, PES (3100, 7100, 9010/20) and 8000. 25 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide ASCII format The data available in the current chart may be exported to an ASCII format file (plain text). Later, this file may be loaded into Microsoft EXCEL or some other spreadsheet application. After you click the OK button, the following dialog will be shown to customize the data. The default settings in this dialog are taken from the Windows control panel. Delimiter This is the character to be inserted between the data items in the file. The default delimiter in use by Microsoft Excel is TAB regardless of the language settings of Windows. Decimal point This is the character for the decimal point in the numerical data. Normally you should use “.” (point). Some countries use ”,” (comma) in Windows applications. Include milliseconds If this option is checked the date and time format for time stamps will also contain milliseconds. Not all spreadsheet applications support this format. Microsoft Excel versions prior to version 5.0 do NOT support milliseconds. When Exporting a Harmonic chart or table the following commands will be available: Phase angles: Include This option runs an additional Fourier Transform on the waveshapes and adds the phase angles to the harmonic magnitudes that are in the scope of your chart (or table). The non-normalized phase angles that are generated are for a cosine series expansion. Phase angles: Normalize This option recalculates the phase angles such that the fundamental (FND) phase angle is zero in the cosine expansion. All the harmonic phase angles are adjusted accordingly. This might be convenient if you are only interested in the shape of the waves, not the phase relative to some starting time. Phase angles: Mixed columns This option selects how to arrange the magnitudes and phase angle columns. If mixed columns is selected, the phase angle will be stored immediately after each magnitude. 26 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 4.7. Print The currently selected chart will be printed after showing the printer dialog box. Toolbar button : 4.8. Print Preview Use this command to display the active document as it would appear when printed. When you choose this command, the main window will be replaced with a print preview window in which one or two pages will be displayed in their printed format. The print preview toolbar offers you options to view either one or two pages at a time; move back and forth through the document; zoom in and out of pages; and initiate a print job. Print Preview toolbar The print preview toolbar offers you the following options: Print Bring up the print dialog box to start a print job. Next Page Preview the next page. Prev Page Preview the previous page. One Page/Two Page Preview one or two pages at a time. Zoom In Take a closer look at the page. Zoom Out Take a larger look at the page. Close Return from print preview to the editing window. 27 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 4.9. Print Setup This dialog box controls the appearance of the prints. Activate form Selection of this control enables you to place your own custom picture at the top of every page. This is particularly useful for embedding your logo in the printouts. DRAN-VIEW supports the following picture formats: • .BMP and .DIB - Windows device independent bitmap, used by Windows Paintbrush. • .WMF - Windows Metafile picture (*.WMF) on top of every page. A .WMF file can be created by vector oriented drawing tools like CorelDraw. Draw frame rectangles If this control is checked, then the printed page will contain a border and the header will be surrounded by a rectangle. Change... When “Activate form” is selected this button opens a dialog so you can select another picture file. Cautions Regarding .BMP/.DIB files: Use appropriately sized bitmaps. Very large bitmaps take time to print and use resources. Efficient printing must be balanced against the need for reasonable resolution to make the picture look good when printed on high-resolution printers. The bitmap is stretched to fill the rectangular area of the print header. Try to use a bitmap 28 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 with an aspect ratio (width/height) similar to the ratio of the rectangle used in the header. It may require some experimentation to achieve the desired results. Regarding .WMF files: The program supports both normal .WMF files and placeable .WMF files. Tip : If the picture is extended too much in either direction, the aspect of the picture will become distorted. You might use CorelDRAW™ (for instance) to try drawing a white or invisible rectangular object around the picture which has approximately the same aspect as the box in the placeholder for the picture in the form. When DRAN-VIEW puts a picture into the placeholder box on top of each page, it extends the picture so it fits both in height and width. If your white rectangle fits into the box the picture aspect (width/height-factor) will not have to be rescaled. Since the rectangle is white it will not be shown at all. Margins The margins are in units (inch or millimeters) specific to your country settings. See Control Panel Setup. Edit fields As seen in the sample above, you may put control codes in the edit fields above the “OK” button to print special data. The following control codes are available : &p = Page number. The current page of the print job is shown instead of this code when printing. &m = Measurement/Creating date. &f = The current file name. &d = Current date (= printing date). Orientation Choose either Portrait or Landscape. Settings button The settings button opens up the Printer Setup dialog box to select the printer destination and connection. This dialog box is dependent on the printer driver currently active. 29 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 4.10. Printer Queue This command makes it possible and convenient to quickly store a large number of pages in a printer queue. These pages can be printed one or several times at a later time when all pages of the printout have been prepared. Use this command to store the setup/layout of the current document into an entry in the printer queue, just as you want to have it printed at a later time. The print queue may contain up to 999 pages. When you have collected all pages you want to print you just hit the Print All-button. The print queue is remembered between your sessions. If the windows temporary directory is cleared (normally c:\windows\temp), the print queue is however deleted. In order to record a valid entry in the print queue, the print must be taken from a DNV file that exists on the disk, since a reference to a DRAN-VIEW document file is stored in the job list. If this file does not exist at the time of print it can not print that page since the actual data is lost. The dialog contains the following options: First page number When printing, this number will be given the first printed page. The other pages will have an incremental page number starting from this value. Print All Prints the jobs in the list on the currently active printer. If you want to change printer you will have to use the Print Setup command 30 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 Add to list Adds the currently active view of the document as a new entry in the job list. Remove All Clears the list completely Move Up Move the selected entry one line up, and thereby re-orders the printing sequence. Move Down Move the selected entry one line down, and thereby re-orders the printing sequence. Delete Removes the selected entry from the list. If you gather files from different sources they might be differently formatted with respect to chart attributes, headers, footers etc. In order to make all printouts from the Print Queue uniform you can apply a style in the Style Gallery to be used for your printouts. To select or create a style to apply to the Print Queue feature press the Select… button. Pressing the View/Edit button will show the most important settings stored in the selected style. For more information about the Style Gallery, see page 65. Toolbar button : 31 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 4.11. Report Writer The Report Writer wizard guides you through the steps of creating a Report for the data in your DRAN-VIEW document. Toolbar button : 4.11.1. Report Writer Wizard - The first page From this page you select what kind of report you want to create: Automatic This mode is the fastest way to create an automated Report. You will directly enter the final page of the Wizard when you select “Next>>”. The generated Report will reflect the default settings which may be customized in the “Custom” settings option. From the final page you may Print, Preview or create a word processor file in Rich Text Format (RTF). The Preview or the RTF file will show the maximum number of pages with information gathered from the actual DRAN-VIEW document. The number of pages differs depending upon what kind of information has been measured and what kind of instrument was used. Custom This mode is the same as the Automatic report except it allows the selection of which pages to include in the report in the customize page. Customizations made in this mode become the default settings for future Automatic Reports. Advanced This mode is different from the other two modes in several ways: 32 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 • The printouts are based on the actual settings of DRAN-VIEW such as colors, 3D-mode, statistic tables etc. Unlike the Automatic and Custom options, the header information of the reports comes from the File menu Print Setup selection. • This mode brings up three additional selections: Timeplot parameters, Harmonic parameters and a page to select Worst Case Events. • You will not be able to create an RTF file for this report. Only Print and Print Preview are available. Other commands in this page of the Report Writer Wizard: Start date/time End date/time These edit boxes default to the current time boundaries of the zoom in the TIME-PLOT chart of DRAN-VIEW when the Report Writer Wizard was started. You may change these values to set an exact time-range of data for the Report Writer to process. Site name This edit box defaults to the site name extracted from the instrument database. You may set it to anything you prefer. This text is shown in the header of Automatic and Custom reports. Survey by You may enter your name here. This text will be shown in the header of Automatic and Custom reports. First Page Number This edit box sets the first page number of the printouts. This may be useful if you plan to use Report Writer printouts as an appendix to other documentation of a site measurement. For Automatic and Custom reports this page number will be shown in the header of each page. For Advanced reports this page number will be inserted whenever the “&p” control code is found in the DRAN-VIEW Print Setup. If for example you wish to label your first page “APPENDIX A:1” you must manually edit the Print Setup dialog box and insert “APPENDIX A:&p” in the page header field. Next Brings you to the next page of the Wizard. Cancel Press this button to cancel the Report Writer Wizard. Help Press this button to get help. 33 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 4.11.2. Report Writer Wizard - Customizing the automated report NOTE: All of these selections may not be useful for all instruments. If the Report Writer finds that the data needed to create a particular page is missing, the page will not be included in the report, even if the checkbox for it is selected. Power quality: Time-plots Normally this option will give you Voltage timeplots, but for some instruments/TASKCards it is better to show other parameters. For example: TASKCard 808 will show Demand and Energy for channel ABC instead. Activity charts for sags, swells, interruptions and transients This option shows how sags, swells, interrupt and transient events are distributed over the hours of a day. Presented in four bar charts. Worst case summaries of RMS variations, transients, and unbalance of voltage Worst Case Summaries are selectable with or without the waveform that corresponds to the worst case event. Worst case events include the worst by duration, magnitude, and overall energy. Quality of Supply summary histograms Presents 5%, 95% and 99% values for Vrms, Vthd, Ithd, Voltage unbalance and frequency. Voltage and current per phase: Min, max, median A textual report showing min, max and median values for Vrms, Irms and frequency. 34 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 Phase and Total values for Power, Demand & Energy A textual report showing min, max and median values for W, VA, VAR and PF. Other parameters: Sensor channels: Min, max, median A textual report showing min, max and median values for sensor channels (658). Harmonic timeplot and spectrum for Voltage and Current THD timeplots (%FND for voltage, Absolute magnitude for current). For the point where THD is highest, a harmonic analysis spectrum chart is presented. Event List: Listing of Events Information of all events relative to input channels are displayed Setup information: Wiring configuration, Programmable limits Same information as shown by using the command View-Instrument Configuration Other commands in this page of the Report Writer Wizard: Open Brings up the File-Open dialog box so you can read an existing Report Writer configuration file (*.rep) into the Report Writer. A configuration file contains all checkbox settings and other configurations of the Report Writer Wizard. Save Writes all settings of the Report Writer to a configuration file (*.rep) Note: If you create a file called DEFAULT.REP in the installation folder (i.e., c:\dranview), these settings will be the default every time you enter the Report Writer Wizard after reading a native instrument database file and entering the Report Writer. However, if you load a DNV file, it contains all the Report Writer settings you had when the file was last saved. The DEFAULT.REP is not used with .DNV files. 35 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 4.11.3. Report Writer Wizard - The Final Page Preview Shows your report on the screen as it will be printed. Print Prints the report on the active Windows printer. Automatic and Custom reports always default to portrait. Advanced reports are printed according to the setups in the File - Print Setup menu. Save As Save the report into an Rich Text Edit file (RTF). This file format is supported by all major word processors. Done Exit the Report Writer. Note 1 : DRAN-VIEW RTF may have pagination problems in your word processor: The pagination of the Automatic and Custom reports are handled by the report writer when the report is created. Decisions on how large each printed page will be are taken from the type of paper being used and what MARGINS have been set in the File - Print Setup dialog box of DRAN-VIEW. You may experience problems when the file margins used to create a RTF file are incompatible with the margins set in the target Word processor. For example, if you create a report with the margins set to 0.2 inches and then load the resultant file into Microsoft Word with the margins set to approximately one inch, there will not be enough room to fit some Report Writer lines on one line in the word processor. Besides looking wrong (lines will wrap-around) this will cause the Report Writer pages not to fit on one page 36 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 in the target word processor thus invalidating the previously set page numbers. The solution is to modify the margins in the target word processor. Alternately you may edit the margins in Page Setup of DRAN-VIEW. Note 2: RTF option is not available for advanced reports. Note 3: RTF files lacks page frame The RTF file will NOT contain the DRAN-VIEW frame around each page as it is shown when printed from inside DRAN-VIEW. 37 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 4.11.4. Report Writer Wizard - Time-plot setup for Advanced Report This is the setup of the time-plots to be included in your Report Writer printout. Each row gives one printed page if any of its parameters are enabled (checked). If the checkbox Sep. page is checked for a row, there will be one page/channel for that particular parameter. The layout of this page may vary from one instrument type to another. The following commands are available: Sep. Page Separate page: These checkboxes (one for each parameter) indicate that you want to print the channels for that particular parameter on separate pages. Insert Hi/Lo limits This button takes the first available threshold settings found in the instrument configuration of the active document and inserts them in the TIME-PLOT Hi/Lo limits columns automatically. Lim This column contains a number of checkboxes. Each of the checkboxes activates the Hi/Lo markers in the chart (red dashed lines). LoLim This value indicates one of the limits to be shown as a red line in the timeplot chart. The red line is shown only if the Lim-checkbox is enabled. HiLim This value indicates one of the limits to be shown as a red line in the timeplot chart. The red line is shown only if the Lim-checkbox is enabled. 38 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 The rest of the grid contains checkboxes for the various parameters and channels available for the actual instrument. Enable the parameters you want to view in your Report Writer printout. Open Brings up the File-Open dialog box so you can read an existing Report Writer configuration file (*.rep) into the Report Writer. A configuration file contains all checkbox settings and other configurations of the Report Writer Wizard. Save Writes all settings of the Report Writer to a configuration file (*.rep). Note: If you create a file called DEFAULT.REP in the installation folder (i.e., c:\dranview), these settings will be the default every time you enter the Report Writer Wizard after reading a native instrument database file and then entering the Report Writer. However, if you load a DNV file, it contains all the Report Writer settings you had when the file was last saved. The DEFAULT.REP is not used with .DNV files. 39 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 4.11.5. Report Writer Wizard - Harmonic Time-plot setup for Advanced Report This is the setup for the Harmonic timeplots to be included in your Report Writer printout. Each row gives one printed page if any of its parameters are enabled (checked). The following commands are available: Lim This column contains a number of checkboxes. Each checkbox activates the Hi/Lo markers in the chart (red dashed lines). HiLim This value indicates one of the limits to be shown as a red line in the timeplot chart. The red line is shown only if the ‘Lim’-checkbox is enabled. The rest of the grid contains checkboxes for the various channels, parameters and harmonics. Enable the parameters you want to view in your Report Writer printout. Open Opens a Report Writer configuration file (*.rep). Save Writes the state of the Report Writer to a configuration file (*.rep) 40 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 4.11.6. Report Writer Wizard - Worst Case events setup for Advanced Report This is the setup of the Worst Case event plots/texts to be included in your advanced report. The layout of this page may vary from one instrument type to another and might not even be available for some database types. CHA, CHB, CHC, CHD These radio buttons select the channel you currently wish to program. If you switch the channel, the settings and the worst case information in the bottom grid with event numbers (marked as #) will change accordingly. Each channel may have completely different settings. Chart Settings: This grid displays which channels/parameters are to be viewed in the GRAPH for waveform events. Note that the settings might be different for each channel setup (CHA, CHB, CHC, CHD selector). There are two grids, one for the detected worst case data on the voltage input channel, and one for the detected worst case data on the current input channel. Because of the separate grids, you can display different channels in the charts showing voltage or current worst case events. Chart Settings: Shared If this checkbox is enabled ALL waveform events will be displayed with the same channels visible , according to what you select in the ‘Chart settings’ grid. Worst Case Events This grid contains the event numbers (with optional values) for the selected channel (CHA, CHB, CHC or CHD) and for specific worst case types (Vmin, Vmax, Imax etc.). Enable the events you want to view in your Report Writer Printout. The Events are sorted by magnitude. Select up to ten events for each worst case criteria and channel. Worst Case Events: Show Values 41 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide If you enable this checkbox, the actual value for each event is shown beside the event number. Output filters: Skip duplicated printouts If this checkbox is active the print engine will avoid printing two copies of the same event. A “duplicate” is defined as a graph having the same event number and active channels. Output filters: Skip textual events Events that do not have a waveform attached (no graph), will not be included in the printout. Open Opens a Report Writer configuration file (*.rep). Save Writes the state of the Report Writer to a configuration file (*.rep) Next Takes you to the Final Page of the Report Writer. From there you can Print or Print Preview. 42 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 4.12. Send Use this option to send your DRAN-VIEW DNV-document using e-mail (electronic mail). Your mail program will start up with the DNV-file as a file attachment. This feature requires that you have a MAPI-compatible mail client installed (e.g., MS-Exchange). The file needs no additional modification for sending. The DNV file format is heavily compressed, so you will not gain anything by using programs such as PKZIP etc. to compress the .DNV file before sending. 4.13. Exit Exit the DRAN-VIEW application. Any modified documents will be prompted for Save. 43 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide Chapter 5 - The Edit Menu 5.1. Copy Use this command to copy selected data onto the clipboard. The data might be a chart or a table view. Chart view Charts are normally copied onto the clipboard in two picture formats, a bitmap and a vectored and scaleable metafile picture. A text format is used if the view only contains text. Please use the command Tools-Options-Clipboard in order to configure what picture types and sizes to be stored onto the clipboard when using the Edit-Copy command. You can read more about Tools-Options-Clipboard on page 77. Table List View The information is copied onto the clipboard as a delimited ASCII-file. Prior to the copy, a ASCII-Setup dialog is shown (same as when exporting to ASCII-file). The final clipboard contents can then be pasted directly into Microsoft Excel. Copying data to the clipboard replaces the contents previously stored there. Toolbar button: 44 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 5.2. Find Use this command to find and step through the events in the event list that contains a particular string. The screen will update and show the contents of the matching events as you step through them. Find what Enter the string to be searched for, or pull down the combo-box and pick one of your most recently used search strings. Find next Step to the next event having an event name that contains the Find what search-string. Find previous Step to the previous event having an event name that contains the Find what search- string. Close Close the dialog box. Toolbar button: 45 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide Chapter 6 - The View Menu 6.1. Harmonic time-plot This option will convert the left pane Time-plot chart into a Harmonic time-plot chart. In order to activate the Harmonic chart, the leftmost pane must be the active pane and the Harmonics must have been calculated (see the View-Harmonic/Timeplot calculations section in this chapter). The Harmonic time-plot contains results of FFT analysis for ALL available waveforms over the entire data file time-range. Toolbar button : 46 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 6.2. FFT If the currently viewed event in the right pane is a Waveform event and the right pane is active (selected), this function will replace the Waveform with a FFT graphic showing a harmonic analysis of the highlighted (shaded) waveform data. This function toggles on and off. In the case of 658 data or data that is being analyzed using “hand shading” of the waveform, a DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) is used. The FFT label is used in the menus and tool bars for simplicity only. Regardless of which technique is used, the results are the same. Once selected, the FFT graphic is shown in place of all future waveform graphics until it is de-selected. Tip : If you want to view both waveforms and FFT charts at the same time, you can use the Window-Duplicate command to create a new window for the document. In one of the windows you can have the FFT function OFF (waveform) and in the other you can have it ON, to display the FFT chart. When you select another event, all views will update accordingly. To arrange the windows appropriately you can use the Window-Tile function. While the FFT function is enabled there will be additional information in the chart footer showing Total RMS, Fundamental Rms, THD and Even/Odd contributions. To select the channel and parameter you wish to analyze, press the FFT menu command and then select the Format-Event chart command, or you can use the following two buttons: + This will bring up the FFT channel tab (instead of the waveform channel tab). For detailed information about the FFT setup dialog, see page 98. To change the state of the FFT function you can use this toolbar button : 47 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 6.2.1. Fine tuning FFT selection. This section describes how to: • Select only a part of a multi-waveform event and perform a DFT/FFT. • Select several continuous waveform events and perform a DFT/FFT. • Fine tune the start and endpoints of the selection. • Do a plot of inter-harmonics Some events (especially those from a 658 data file or a PQPlus/PQLite 400 Hz file) may contain multiple cycles of the line frequency fundamentals. Contiguous single cycle waveform events from some instruments (such as PQPlus and PQLite for example) may be clustered in groups, and therefore we can treat them as one continuous waveform suitable for DFT/FFT analysis. If there is more than one fundamental cycle highlighted and the inter- harmonics checkbox is enabled in the FFT settings tab, it is possible to present inter- harmonics. To activate the special toolbar shown below, click INSIDE the frame of the currently active event. To make it disappear (and to select the ENTIRE event frame) click at the SAME waveform section again. To select another waveform cycle, just click on it. This special tool is only available when clicking the mouse. The FFT toolbar buttons (from left to right): MOVE LEFT, MOVE RIGHT Moves the FFT-window left or right by 1 sample. CONTRACT, EXPAND Contract or Expand the FFT Window by 1 sample CONTRACT MUCH, EXPAND MUCH Contract or Expand the FFT Window by approx. half a cycle. SELECT ALL Selects all grouped waveforms in the event(s) FFT Run FFT/DFT and switch to FFT chart mode 48 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 Note: The window ‘slides’ if you hold the toolbar button down a while. After some time the window increment/decrement will accelerate. The toolbar also indicates how many data points have been selected. The above example shows: Selected 240 points out of 4592. Starting from point number 0 (the first) and ending at point number 239. This feature is very useful for precise adjustment of the FFT window. For example, a 658 PQ Analyzer samples at 7.2 kilohertz, which translates to 120 samples per cycle at 60 hertz line frequency (144 samples per cycle at 50 hertz). This feature can be used to select exact multiples of the fundamental frequency for analysis, thus reducing errors due to cycle truncation. The PP1/PP4300 instruments typically collect 128 samples per cycle. When you have selected the appropriate window, click the FFT button. The chart will change into the frequency domain mode. To enter the FFT setup dialog box, double-click or right mouse click on the chart (or use the Settings - Event details menu option). This dialog box is only available in FFT mode. 49 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide Activate the “Show inter-harmonics” checkbox and click OK to display both the inter- harmonics and harmonics in the FFT chart (if there were multiple cycles selected in the waveform chart). For detailed information about various settings for this feature, see page 98 50 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 6.3. Instrument Configuration This menu option will show information about the instrument configuration. You can export some of the text if you select it with the mouse, or all by pressing the Select All button, and then pressing the Copy. The selected text will be stored in the Windows clipboard. Afterwards the text may be pasted into another application. Note: This dialog may be resized. The settings are those which were active when the currently active event was captured. 51 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 6.4. Worst case summary This menu option will show a worst case summary dialog box with information on MINIMUM, MAXIMUM and MEDIAN values, within the current time range or for the entire time range. This dialog shows the Minimum, Maximum and Median for the parameters. Time range according to: Actual zoom If this option is selected then the evaluation of worst case data will only affect data within the time range delimited by the actual zoom in the timeplot chart. Time range according to: Entire measurement If this option is selected then the evaluation of worst case data will affect all available data in the entire time range. Parameters: Actual settings Only the parameters viewed in the timeplot chart will be shown. Parameters: All All parameters will be shown. 52 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 6.5. Data List To display in numeric form the data presented by the chart, use the “Data List” function. When selected, it will bring up a new window with all the chart’s data in a table list. Note : Consider the table list a snapshot of the chart, that was viewed when the table list was activated. The table list will NOT update when switching to another event or modifying the chart. If you use the “Edit-Copy” command from here, the data will be placed in the clipboard suitable for Microsoft Excel. Toolbar button : 53 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 6.6. Peak report This command brings up a peak report window showing the highest captured values within the time-range covered by the timeplot (left-pane) chart. It also shows when the highest current and voltage harmonics where detected for each channel. Toolbar button : 54 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 6.7. Harmonic Demo Tool This command brings up a tool for demonstration purpose of harmonics theory. The data shown has nothing to do with the actual document file you have loaded. You have the capability to add separate phase amplitudes for the three phases and also to add separate harmonic components with the possibility of changing the phase angle for each component. In the screen you can observe the 3 phases and how the harmonics affects the neutral line. A Hold function makes it possible to freeze and compare two different setups at the same time. 3-phase stacked mode 3-phase overlaid mode 1-Phase mode with Hold activated 55 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 6.8. Toolbars You can turn toolbars and status bars on or off by using this dialog. 6.9. Wallpaper This command makes it possible to select a wallpaper (background picture) for the DRAN-VIEW desktop. Change This button allows you to select a BMP file by showing a File-Open dialog box. None Press this button if you do not want to show any bitmap. Tile Check this checkbox if you want to tile (line-up) images until the screen is filled. Keep aspect ratio Check this checkbox if you want to keep the original width/height ratio of the bitmap. In this case the bitmap will be centered on the screen and then made as large as possible. If this option is not checked, the bitmap will be stretched over the entire screen. This command can not be used if the Tile command is on. 56 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 6.10. Zoom In This selection will activate the graphics zoom function. When this function is active, you just click and drag a rectangle in the chart. When you release the mouse button, the chart will be redrawn with the selected area enlarged. The depth of the zoom queue is 15. This means that you may repeatedly zoom 15 times and still be able to return to the previous zoom with the “Unzoom” function. You can also zoom using the keyboard arrow keys and ENTER. Toolbar button : 6.11. Unzoom This function will undo the last zoom you made. Toolbar button : 57 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 6.12. Delta Measurement General If this function is activated and you click inside a time plot or waveform picture for the first time, you clear the position indicators in the status bar. When you move the cursor the indicators will show the distance from that point. A second click creates a delta x/y graphic relative to the first coordinates and the position indicators in the lower left of the display are re-zeroed to the second click point which is now the new reference. Subsequent move and click sequences within the picture behave the same way except that the most recent click point coordinates are used as the reference. This technique may be used to make delta x or y measurements. Using delta markers The Axis setup tab contains sections labeled Y-Delta marker and X-delta marker. If any of those checkboxes are selected you can make arrow markers visible in the chart; one for each Y-axis or X-axis that is activated. If the chart is saved at that moment, the arrow will be stored in the file. When you reload the file the arrow will appear again, until the delta function is deactivated. When the function is deactivated (by selecting it again) the indicators at the bottom of the screen will return to the global scope. Toolbar button : 58 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 6.13. Pan/Rotate Operations If you have zoomed the chart, you can pan (scroll) inside the chart using the pan operations, Left/Up/Down/Right. If the chart is 3D then these controls ROTATE the chart. Toolbar buttons : 6.14. Goto This menu option makes it possible to step forward and backward in the events. The commands may also be issued by using the function keys F3-F10 as shown. You can also use these buttons in the toolbar to scroll left or right throughout the events: Note that they are in the same order as the function key layout. F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 59 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide Chapter 7 - The Format Menu 7.1. TIMEPLOT Chart This command brings up a tabbed dialog box with the settings for the TIMEPLOT chart. By clicking on one of the tabs, related settings will be shown. The tabbed dialog box has the following tabs: • Channels • Header/Footer • Colors • Axis • 3D • Table For more information about each tab, see Chapter 10. Toolbar button : 7.2. Event Chart This command brings up a tabbed dialog box with the settings for the event (waveform) chart 6. By clicking on one of the tabs, related settings will be shown. The tabbed dialog box has the following tabs: • Channels • Header/Footer • Colors • Axis • Phasor For more information about each tab, see Chapter 10. Toolbar button : 6 This command is not available for DRAN-LOGGER data. 60 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 7.3. Event list This command brings up a tabbed dialog box with settings for the event list. By clicking on one of the tabs, related settings will be shown. The tabbed dialog box has the following tabs: • View • Event filter Toolbar button : 7.3.1. View tab This dialog sets the format for the text in the event list. You can apply date and/or time to the event description. 61 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 7.3.2. Event filter tab This tab contains settings related to DRAN-VIEW event filtering. Use the Event Filter if you have the need to: • Remove events in the beginning or end of the file because it contains irrelevant data in the timeplots. • Take away events of no interest and keep events of interest. • Only show events of a particular type or channel. • Remove unwanted events. To turn the customized filter OFF, simply press the Set All / Turn filter OFF - button and press OK. The window called Enabled/Disabled Events contains ALL the possible events of the file, i.e. the result of the filter. It may even contain more types of events then you normally observe in the event list. This is because DRAN-VIEW normally hides some events from the user since they have no useful meaning other then internally be the program. If all events are checked DRAN-VIEW will operate and show the event list and time-plots as normally. If one 62 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 or several events are unchecked the special filtering you have requested will be applied. To check or uncheck events you can either click on each of checkboxes or apply changes by using the Add and Remove buttons on the left side of the Enabled/Disabled Events window. Hide disabled events from Time-Plots If activated: This option will remove any data generated by the events you have disabled from the timeplot/waveform or harmonic charts. It will look like the events never existed in the measurement. If not activated: The filtering will only appear in the Event List combo box in the toolbar. This method is very useful for limiting the Event List so it only shows events of particular interest. Add/Remove event number This group of controls makes it possible to check or uncheck a region of event numbers from the result. Type in a starting and an ending number and press Add to check this region of events in the results, or press Remove to uncheck this region of events from the results. Add/Remove event types This group of controls makes it possible to check or uncheck one or several types of events in the resulting window. The list of available event types is taken from the actual file and represents all the possible types of events available in the file. Check the event types you want to be modified in the resulting window and press Add to check these events in the results or press Remove to uncheck these event types from the results. Separate Channel/Parameter Use this checkbox to control if you want to consider all events regardless of channel causing the event, or if you want to have them separately listed by channel. Example: Channel AV and BV has both generated the event 'RMS Hi to Lo'. If this checkbox is enabled then the list will contain both 'AV RMS Hi to Lo' and 'BV RMS Hi to Lo'. If it's not enabled then there will only be one entry called 'RMS Hi to Lo'. 63 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 7.4. Style Gallery The style gallery is a collection of your own favorite style templates, which you can apply to any file you want. The intention with this tool is for you to be able to create reports and printouts formatted in consistent and uniform way. 7.4.1. Different ways to apply styles There are four ways of applying the active style to a document: 1. When you convert a native instrument data file 2. When you open up a DNV document 3. When you run the Printer queue 4. Apply now (directly into the currently active opened document) Each of the above features can be enable separately in the radio buttons as shown in the above dialog box. Activity when reading/importing a data file Select the option "Use the settings most recently used" if you want to use the settings that you manipulated most recently in DRAN-VIEW. This was the setting in all versions of DRAN-VIEW in version prior to 5.0.Select "Use the selected template" if you want to use a specific formatting template whenever you import a native database file. Activity when opening a DNV file Select the option "Use existing settings in DNV file" if you want to use the settings embedded within the DNV file. . This was the setting in all versions of DRAN-VIEW in version prior to 5. Select "Use the selected template" if you want to use a specific 64 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 formatting template whenever you load a DRAN-VIEW DNV file. Please read the technical note below, for special considerations regarding templates for DNV file. Activity when running the Printer Queue Select the option "Use existing settings in queue" if you want to use the settings embedded within the Printer queue. Select "Use the selected template" if you want to use a specific formatting template whenever you run the Printer queue. Apply now If checked when you press the OK button, the active document will immediately obtain the settings from the selected template in the list. 7.4.2. Managing the styles The Available styles window contains all your styles. The one currently active is marked (highlighted) when you enter the dialog box. If you select another one, that one will be the currently activate style when you hit OK. View/Edit Press this button to view or edit the most important settings of the style template in a tabbed dialog box. • Print setup • Timeplot header and footer • Harmonics header and footer • Waveform header and footer 65 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide New Press this button to create a new template containing the settings currently available in the active document. Save Press this button to store the settings currently available in the active document, into the selected (highlighted) template. Rename Press this button to rename an existing template. The name will also form a filename so certain characters are not allowed (‘:’, ‘\’ and ‘/’) Delete Press this button to remove an existing template from the list. Template folder Press this button to select the physical location of the template files. TECHNICAL NOTES Note 1: The templates are stored by default in the DRAN-VIEW installation directory, having the file extension *.DVT Note 2: Since different instrument types have different types of parameter and channels, it might be useful to store templates specific for a particular instrument type when considering the TIME-PLOT pane and it's curve colors. Note 3: When a template is applied to an imported native instrument file, the full range of settings stored in the template will be applied to the data and its presentation. When a template is applied to DNV file only a subset of the settings will be applied. The following list summarize the settings that will NOT be applied to a DNV file (i.e. the settings will be as stored in the DNV file): [View all waveforms], [HF plot], [Stacked charts], [Settings for FFT operation], [Phasor settings except its grid style and size], [Special PF plotting], [Point to point drawing], [Abs, %FND etc.] and [Snap to waveform event] 66 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 67 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide Chapter 8 - The Tools Menu 8.1. Harmonics / Timeplot calculations Use this command to initiate (calculate) the harmonics data needed by the Harmonic Timeplot chart and Timeplot chart (if not already done automatically). If you have the Math Package installed there will also be several additional features. Always run automatically if required. If this option is enabled, the Harmonic calculation will be carried out automatically whenever this data is missing in the input file. This might be the case when reading old DNV-files or when you import an instrument data file. (Normally this checkbox is always on.) For PQPlus, PQLite and TASKCard 808 databases, you may choose one or several of the following types of events to operate on: • Timed Events • Harmonic Events • Composite Events • Scope Snapshot Events • Cyclic Events 68 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 Selecting only timed events containing waveforms is one way to attempt to get a reasonably “un-biased” survey of the harmonic conditions over a period of time. This is because the considered data will only be from periodically time triggered samples rather than threshold triggered samples. For survey purposes time triggering is inherently more “objective” to the extent that it does not capture only “exciting” data. It is always possible, but statistically not likely, that a timed triggered sample could capture a short-lived deviation from the nominal. It is more likely that the timed triggered sample will be a reasonable estimate of the conditions at the time. Threshold triggered samples have more potential to give a skewed picture of harmonic conditions over time because most threshold triggering is designed to capture the exceptions rather than the nominal conditions. This is especially true if thresholds are set to capture only extreme events. Timed triggering is relatively free of this inherent bias. The weighted statistical techniques used in DRAN-VIEW are designed to minimize the contribution to a nominal conditions estimate by reducing the effective weighting of relatively short lived (transient) events. For all databases other than PQPlus, PQLite and TASKCard 808 there are no available options. All waveforms are considered. 69 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8.1.1. Generate missing parameters from wave data (Math Package only) (This feature is only available for PQPlus, PQLite and TASKCard 808 files.) This checkbox enables calculation of additional parameter samples that the instrument may not include in its database (kW, kVA,kVAR,PF,Vthd,Ithd,ICF,KFact, Vharm, Iharm). These calculations are extracted from each event’s waveform data. DRAN-VIEW® only adds points that do not already exist (given by the instrument). This also means that there is no use running this option more then once, since new samples are inserted in the first run. Note: There is no way to revert back to the original layout without reloading the unchanged DNV file or importing the native (mdb/evt) database file again with the option disabled. With the DRAN-VIEW calculated points inserted into the time plots two plots from the same database may look significantly different dependent on whether this option was or was not enabled. In general if this option is enabled you will see more “activity“ in the time plot because DRAN-VIEW is filling in points that it can calculate. If this feature is enabled the following option will also be available: 8.1.2. Calculate and show DPF instead of KFact (Math Package only) (This feature is only available for PQPlus, PQLite and TASKCard 808 files.) This checkbox lets you replace the Kfactor parameter (also know as Transformer Derating Factor (Z)) with a DPF (Displacement Power Factor) parameter instead. If you rerun the calculation with this checkbox unchecked you are able to revert back to Kfactor. 70 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 8.1.3. Rename inputs (Math Package only) (This feature is only available for PQPlus, PQLite, TASKCard 808 and TASKCard MotorInrush files) Pressing this button will bring up the following dialog box, where it is possible to redefine the Volts and Current inputs of the instrument7. This feature could be very useful if you want to measure for instance temperature on channel D, and use the rest of the channels for normal power quality measurements. Customize Enabling this checkbox makes it possible to redefine channels A,B,C,D and ABC or channel D only as explained below. Apply to channel DV/DI only If this checkbox is active then only channel D is re-defined and channels A,B,C and ABC will have their normal label and unit. 7 This feature is only available for PQPlus, PQLite, TaskCard 808 and TaskCard MotorInrush files. 71 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8.1.4. Invert waveforms (Math Package only) (This feature is only available for PQPlus, PQLite, TASKCard 808 and TASKCard MotorInrush files) Pressing this button will bring up the following dialog box where it is possible to invert one or several inputs and then recalculate the database. This feature can be very useful if you have connected a probe the wrong way, and you want to correct this afterwards. Just simply check the input(s) that you want to invert and then press the OK button. 8.1.5. Change scale factors (Math Package only) (This feature is only available for PQPlus, PQLite and TASKCard 808) Pressing this button will bring up the following dialog box where it is possible to change the scaling for one or several inputs. If you have set-up the instrument K-factors incorrectly during a measurement, you can change them afterwards and then the program will re- calculate the parameters accordingly. 72 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 8.1.6. Calculate Watt harmonics (Math Package only) If this checkbox is active Watt harmonics will be calculated for the Harmonic timeplot. Use the feature only if needed since the additional data can be quite substantial on large files. 8.1.7. Calculate Symmetrical components (Math Package only) If this checkbox is active Symmetrical components will be calculated for the Harmonic timeplot. Use the feature only if needed since the additional data can be quite substantial on large files. 8.2. Flicker calculations Use this command to bring up the Flicker calculation dialog box. This command only applies to TASKCard Flicker data. These calculations (Pst Avg and Plt) are carried out automatically as soon as you read a FLICKER database file. This command may be used to manually manipulate calculation of PLT after the native database has been loaded. Long term sample interval in hours: Select the sample interval for the PLT calculations. Start Press this button to start the new calculation. Warning: You should use care to select an interval that is shorter than the database interval that you wish to recalculate. For example, if the total database interval is 24 hours and you select 168 hours as your calculation interval (one week) you will get no Plt data points in the plot because there was not sufficient data to generate even one point. The resultant plot will look rather strange. You may also find that the Plt is removed from the “Timeplot - Channels“ setup until the calculation interval is returned to something reasonable. 73 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8.3. Energy calculations (Math Package only) Use this command to bring up the Energy calculation dialog box. This command only applies to databases like TASKCard 808 or PQDIF-files that have available Energy ABC channel (kWHR) data. This feature gives you the capability of calculating and displaying on- peak and off-peak energy. You can specify individual on- and off-peak periods for any day in the week. The on- and off-peak values are shown in the footer of the time-plot chart. The following type of information will be shown in the Timeplot footer: NOTE - The footer information will change as you zoom in the Timeplot chart. The calculations are only based on the timeframe shown by the chart. 74 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 8.4. Adjust timestamps (Math Package only) With this tool it possible to change the clock of the database. This command is useful if you find out after the measuring that the real-time clock of the instrument was incorrect while doing the measurement, or if you want to synchronize towards some other time-base. This feature is implemented for all instruments except Dranetz 658, TASKCard Flicker, TASKCard MotorInrush and DRAN-LOGGER. Adjust by seconds/minutes/hours/years: Select the timebase you want to use. +/- Adjustment Enter the number of time units (positive or negative) you want to adjust with. 75 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8.5. Options This command brings up a tabbed dialog box from which you can carry out special commands or change optional parameters. 8.5.1. Clipboard settings This dialog box contains settings related to the way the pictures are formatted when using the Edit-Copy command. Export bitmap Enables the transfer of bitmap pictures onto the clipboard. Export picture Enables the transfer of vectored images (Window MetaFiles) onto the clipboard. Size as screen window The images copied to the clipboard will have the same size and resolution as the screen window you are copying from. Same width/height ratio as screen window, doubled resolution This option copies a picture that is twice as big onto the clipboard. All line widths and fonts sizes are however multiplied by 2 so the image will look the same as the previous option but it contains much more information (resolution). Use this option if you want to have high-resolution bitmaps or very detailed vector images. Custom This option lets you define exactly how the images are being formatted. This option brings up the following extra options: Width: The width of the bitmap in pixels (screen points). Height: The height of the bitmap in pixels (screen points). Magnification: 76 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 If this value is 1 then the image is scaled exactly as displayed on the screen. If this number is 2 then everything gets scaled twice as big (fonts and line thickness). If the number is 3 everything get three times bigger etc. 8.5.2. Change Language By using this dialog you can change the DRAN-VIEW language. It is only possible to change language if language components have been installed in DRAN-VIEW installation directory (English is always available). Select another language and press OK. You will have to quit and restart DRAN-VIEW in order to activate the new language. NOTE – DRAN-VIEW has been prepared for a many different languages internally, but the real available number of languages you can choose depends on what language components have been installed. In order to get the most recent language components, you will have to visit Dranetz-BMI homepage and download them. The following list shows the possible languages (event though all may not have been developed): Language Component files in DRAN-VIEW installation directory: Danish (Dansk): LANG_DAN.DLL, LANG_DAN.HLP German (Deutsch): LANG_GER.DLL, LANG_GER.HLP Spanish (Espanõl) LANG_ESP.DLL, LANG_ESP.HLP French (Français) LANG_FRA.DLL, LANG_FRA.HLP Italian (Italiano) LANG_ITA.DLL, LANG_ITA.HLP Norwegian (Norsk) LANG_NOR.DLL, LANG_NOR.HLP Portuguese (Português) LANG_POR.DLL, LANG_POR.HLP Finish (Suomi) LANG_FIN.DLL, LANG_FIN.HLP 77 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide Swedish (Svenska) LANG_SWE.DLL, LANG_SWE.HLP If a language is not selectable even if the components are installed, it is because the components are of a too old version and need to be updated. 78 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 8.5.3. Restore factory default settings By using this dialog box, it is possible to revert back to the DRAN-VIEW factory settings for all or for a selected subset of the settings. All If selected, all settings will be replaced by factory defaults. Selected If selected, a subset will be replaced by factory defaults if any of the following items are checked: Curve attributes - All Line types for channel curves in the graphs Other chart settings - Settings for axis, fonts, headers, footers, cursors etc. Print setup - All settings related to the print setup dialog box.This dialog box contains settings in order to restore the factory default settings for DRAN-VIEW. 79 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8.5.4. Move License Use this command when you want to move your license from one machine to another, or if you need to reformat your hard-drive. The command will give you a Removal Key Code that you use when you run the Registration Guide on the new machine. On the old machine you will only be able to run the program for another 15 days. After pressing the Remove License from this computer-button, you will be prompted twice in order to make sure you do not run this command by mistake. Then the following message box will show: Write down the code on a piece of paper or press the Print button. BE SURE TO KEEP THE REMOVAL CODE since you will need it to get another License Key Code free of charge. 80 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 81 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide Chapter 9 - The Window Menu 9.1. Cascade This option arranges the windows in steps as shown below. Toolbar button: 9.2. Tile This option stacks the windows as shown below. Toolbar button: 9.3. Duplicate This option creates a new, additional window in the opened document. For example, this option is particularly useful for showing a FFT chart while the original window shows the waveform chart. Toolbar button: 9.4. Close All This option closes all open windows but prompts for any unsaved document first. 82 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 9.5. The Split Commands There are three split commands : Split left, mid, or right. These options should be used to quickly move the split control. They are also available as accelerator keys (Ctrl/R(ms), Ctrl/E(qual), Ctrl/W(aveform)) and as toolbar buttons. 83 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide Chapter 10 - The chart properties dialogs All the dialog boxes needed to set up the charts use the same basic layout and principles. This chapter describes all the tabs you may encounter when using DRAN-VIEW. The dialog boxes can be activated as follows: • Double clicking the chart (selects tab according to where you clicked). • Using the right mouse button pop-up menu (direct access to any tab). • Using the toolbar buttons (access to most recently used tab in the dialog). • Using the menu (access to most recently used tab in the dialog). 10.1. The ‘Channels’ tab This is always the first tab in the dialog box. Its purpose is to select the parameters you want to view in the chart. In many of these tabs there are two different ways of selecting the parameters: either by a grid of checkboxes (this is called the advanced mode) or by using combo boxes (this is called the simple mode). In the advanced mode (grid-style) there are some features you should be aware of: The following sections describe the various channel tabs. 84 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 10.2. Channels: Timeplot The dialogs shown below are for the left pane timeplot of a PQPlus/PQLite database. For other databases the layout and amount of available parameters will vary. (simple mode) (advanced mode) The two layouts shown above illustrate the simple mode and the advanced modes of the Timeplot Channels setups dialog. With some databases the simple mode is not available. They represent two alternative views of the same setup. In the simple mode (on the left), there are two combo-boxes to select the data source(s). The channels are selected below these combo boxes. In the advanced mode, you can freely select any combination of parameters. If a checkbox is grayed, there is no available data for the parameter in the data file. PF zero point This is a special option implemented for the Power Factor curves. PF values are always between, but not equal to, +1.0 and -1.0. In any real (physical) system, the absolute value of the Power Factor is always less than one and greater than zero. In a primarily resistive system, it is possible for the Power Factor to be so close to one that the influences of noise and small inductive/capacitive changes cause the Power Factor to oscillate between +1 and -1. When using a normal plot for this type of data (origin at ±0.0), the ratcheting of the Power Factor between +1 and -1 makes the plot cluttered, difficult to read and clouds the essential meaning of the data. The essential information here is that the load is primarily resistive and that it varies very little in its reactive characteristics. A normal plot tends to hide this information because of the wild swings between +1 and -1. (A useful device to imagine is that the Power Factor “passes through” but never equals one). As shown below, selecting an origin at ±1.0 produces a much more descriptive plot for this type of data. 85 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide Normal axis, origin at ±0.0 Special axis, origin at ±1.0 Point to point If this option is checked the data points will tied together by a straight line instead for the normal plotting method. Stacked If this option is checked the chart will show a stacked chart instead of an overlaid chart. If only one parameter type is selected, each phase will have its own Y-axis. If multiple parameters are selected each parameter type will have its own Y-axis Overlaid chart Stacked chart Separate Min, Max, Avg channels If this option is checked the the MIN,MAX and AVG values for a channel and phase will be treated as separate channels. If it is not checked the MIN,MAX and AVG values will be treated as one entity. Note that this option will affect the way channels are stacked in a stacked chart, and also the way the channels are labeled. Show gaps while monitoring OFF If this option is checked, the curves will be interrupted during the time when the instrument was in MONITORING OFF or POWER OFF condition. Snap to waveform event If this option is checked, then clicking in the timeplot chart will bring you to the nearest WAVEFORM event. If this option is NOT checked then it will search for the nearest event of ANY type. V harmonic # and I harmonic # Shows the harmonic voltage and current component stored by the instrument for parameter Vharm and Iharm. 86 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 10.2.1. Timeplot mathematical expression evaluator (Math Package only) If the optional Math Driver is installed this chart may also display data derived from the available time-plot data or from the waveform data, manipulated through mathematical expressions. In the math channel setup grid, you will find the following columns: ON: In order to display the results of the mathematical formula this checkbox must be enabled. Name: Any channel name you want to associate to the formula. Unit: The Y-axis unit to use for mathematical formula. Note: If two channels share the same unit they will share the same Y-axis as well. This also applies to existing timeplot axes. Example: if you type in the unit "Volts" (assuming there is a displayed waveform with this unit), the mathematical channel and the waveform channel will be scaled to the very same Y- axis. This comparison is case sensitive. If you want to use the unit "Volts" without sharing it with another channel, you might type in "Volts " (with an extra space character at the end). Wildcards: (the '*' character) can also be used in order to easier find a match: Example if the unit is Volt*, it will connect the data to the first axis starting with the string "Volt", like "Volts", "Volt1" or "Volt Unbal" Formula There are two different references to data that can be used: 1. Reference to Waveform data 2. References to Timeplot data. REFERENCES TO WAVEFORM DATA References can be made to existing waveform data as well as calculated waveform data, created by using the expression evaluator in the Waveform channel tab. References to sampled waveform data: AV_RMS, BV_RMS, CV_RMS, DV_RMS Waveform RMS AV_THD, BV_THD, CV_THD, DV_THD Waveform THD AV_DC, BV_DC, CV_DC, DV_DC Waveform DC component 87 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide References to one of the eight calculated waveform data channels: CH1_RMS, CH2_RMS … CH8_RMS Calculated RMS values from your calculated waveforms. Please note the "underscore" character in the references above. Example 1: Formula using measured waveform data and one straight line: ON Name Unit Formula X Sum1 Volts (AV_RMS+BV_RMS+CV_RMS)/3 X Limit Volts 110.0 Example 2: Formula using calculated waveform data by reference to calculated waveform channel CH1: ON Name Unit Formula X Av-Bv Phase-to-Phase Volts CH1_RMS In example 2 the calculation channel CH1 must have been created by a waveform formula in the waveform math expression evaluator (in the Waveform channel tab) as shown below: ON Name Unit Formula CH1 X Av-Bv Ph-to-Ph Volts AV-BV If a particular formula can not be evaluated, or it contains semantic errors the result will be a curve with all values set to zero (0.0) 88 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 REFERENCES TO TIME-PLOT PARAMETERS In order to know the name of the data references you can use, you must look at the grid for the available parameters. Please remember that the names will change for different database types. To access, for instance, the frequency information(HZ) of phase A you build the reference by first taking the column label + the row label = AHZ. This method can be used to reference any parameter in the Timeplot chart. The available references in the following example are: AV, BV, CV, DV, ABCV, AI,BI,CI,DI,IABC AVtrans, BVtrans, CVtrans, DVtrans ABCVtrans AHz, BHz, CHz, DHz and ABCHz etc… The references are not case sensitive. Example 3: Formula using time-plot data: ON Name Unit Formula X Avg current Amps (AI+ BI +CI) / 3 89 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide EXCEPTIONS: If the checkbox Separate Min, Max, Avg channels is checked, and the parameter you are trying to access in the grid consist of 3 values (Min, Max and Avg) combined into one checkbox you will have to specify what subtype you want to refer to. Example: Column is "A" and Row = "V" This should imply that the reference is called "AV", but in order for the formula to work you will have to use "AVmin", "AVmax" or "AVavg" for the reference. OPERATORS The following operators are available: + Plus - Minus * Multiplication / Division ^ Raised to … Note: Parenthesis can be used in many levels STANDARD FUNCTIONS The following standard functions are included even though they might not be very useful in this application. ABS(x) Calculates the absolute value of x SQRT(x) Calculates the square root of x SIN(x) Calculate the sine of x COS(x) Calculate the cosine of x TAN(x) Calculate the tangent of x ATAN(x) Calculates the arctangent of x LN(x) Calculates the logarithm of x EXP(x) Calculates the exponential of x LOG(x) Calculates the base 10 logarithm of x 90 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 91 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 10.3. Channels: Harmonic timeplot The left pane of DRAN-VIEW may show a HARMONIC TIMEPLOT instead of a normal (RMS) TIMEPLOT. The setup contains 50 harmonics plus FND and THD for all channels/parameters. If the optional Math Package is installed, the timeplot can also display Watt harmonics and Symmetrical Components. Simple mode: In this mode Symmetrical components are not available. Many people prefer operating this dialog box using the ‘simple mode’ since the ‘advanced mode’ contains a large number of checkboxes. Advanced mode: Every parameter/channel and phase has its own individual checkbox. Snap to waveform event If this option is checked, then clicking in the timeplot chart will bring you to the nearest WAVEFORM event. If this option is NOT checked then it will search for the nearest event of ANY type. V,I,W in Absolute, % of FND, % of RMS, % of user scale value Instead of showing data in Volts or Amperes, this option gives you the possibility to show every component in percentage of the fundamental component (FND), the RMS value or in percentage of your own value. For more details, read about the FFT channel tab which has similar settings. 92 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 Sym. Comp. In Absolute, % of Pos. Sequence components, % of Pos Seq. FND Instead of showing symmetrical components in Volts or Amperes, this option gives you the possibility to show every component in percentage of either positive sequence components (also called Unbalance factor) or as percentage of positive sequence fundamental. Point to point If this option is checked the data points will be tied together by a straight line instead for the normal plotting method. Stacked If this option is checked the chart will show a stacked chart instead of an overlaid chart. If data in only one column is selected (phase/parameter), each harmonic will have its own Y-axis. If data in multiple columns are selected each phase/parameter will have its own Y-axis. Show gaps while monitoring is OFF If this option is checked then there will be gaps in the plot for the times were the monitoring was OFF. If it is not checked then there will be no gaps in the plot. Gaps might be shown between a MONITORING OFF or DATABASE FULL event and the next power quality event. The simple mode contains the following options in the combo boxes: Combo box Label What’s selected: (V) H03-H13 Selected Odd Volts H03, H05, H07, H09, H11 and H13 (V) H02-H06 Selected Even Volts H02, H04 and H06 (V) H02-H13 Selected Volts H02, H03, H04,H05, H06, H09, H11 and H13 (V) H03-H25 Lower group Odd Volts H03, H05, H07 … etc. including H25 (V) H02-H24 Lower group Even Volts H02, H04, H06 … etc. including H24 (V) H02-H25 Lower group Volts H02, H03, H04 … etc. including H25 (V) H27-H49 Upper group Odd Volts H27, H29, H31 … etc. including H49 (V) H26-H50 Upper group Even Volts H26, H28, H30 … etc. including H50 (V) H26-H50 Upper group Volts H26, H27, H28 … etc. including H50 (V) H03-H49 All Odd Volts H03, H05, H07 … etc. including H49 (V) H02-H50 All Even Volts H02, H04, H06 … etc. including H50 (V) H02-H50 All Volts H02, H03, H04 … etc. including H50 (A) H03-H13 Selected Odd Amps H03, H05, H07, H09, H11 and H13 (A) H02-H06 Selected Even Amps H02, H04 and H06 (A) H02-H13 Selected Amps H02, H03, H04,H05, H06, H09, H11 and H13 (A) H03-H25 Lower group Amps H03, H05, H07 … etc. including H25Odd (A) H02-H24 Lower group Amps H02, H04, H06 … etc. including H24Even (A) H02-H25 Lower group Amps H02, H03, H04 … etc. including H25 (A) H27-H49 Upper group Amps H27, H29, H31 … etc. including H49Odd (A) H26-H50 Upper group Amps H26, H28, H30 … etc. including H50Even (A) H26-H50 Upper group Amps H26, H27, H28 … etc. including H50 (A) H03-H49 All Odd Amps H03, H05, H07 … etc. including H49 (A) H02-H50 All Even Amps H02, H04, H06 … etc. including H50 (A) H02-H50 All Amps H02, H03, H04 … etc. including H50 93 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 10.4. Channels: Waveforms This tab selects the channels to view in the waveform chart. Enable HF-data Enables plot of high frequency components that the instrument has captured during the data acquisition. View all waveforms This option makes the waveform chart cover the entire time range of the data in the file. This function can also be toggled on and off using the right mouse button pop-up menu. Tip: If you have a particularly tight burst of waveshape events (for example, ten contiguous waveshape hits followed by ten more contiguous waveshape hits) you may use this option in conjunction with the zoom or x axis lock feature to view the waveforms in one picture. Waveform events separated by large blocks of time will appear as straight lines which mark where in time they occurred. To see the actual waveform detail, zoom in on the events. Stacked If this option is checked the chart will show a stacked chart instead of an overlaid chart. If data of only one unit selected (volts or amps), each harmonic will have its own Y-axis. If both volts and amps data are selected each unit will have its own Y-axis. 94 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 10.4.1. Waveform mathematical expression evaluator (Math Package only) If the optional Math Driver is installed this chart may also display waveforms derived from the available waveform data, manipulated through a mathematical expression. The resulting waveshape will be displayed as a graph. The results can also be used in the mathematical editor for the Timeplot screen (for example, show the RMS timeplot of your calculated waveform). In the math channel setup grid, you will find the following columns: ON: In order to display the results of the mathematical formula this checkbox must be enabled. Name: Any channel name you want to associate to the formula. Unit: The Y-axis unit to use for mathematical formula. Note: If two channels share the same unit they will share the same Y-axis as well. This also applies to any existing waveform axis. Example: if you type in the unit "Volts" (assuming there is a displayed waveform with this unit), the mathematical channel and the waveform channel will be scaled to the very same Y- axis. This comparison is case sensitive. If you want to use the unit "Volts" without sharing it with waveform channel, you might type in "Volts " (with an extra space character at the end). Wildcards: (the '*' character) can also be used in order to easier find a match: Example if the unit is Volt*, it will connect the data to the first axis starting with the string "Volt", like "Volts", "Volt1" or "Volt Unbal" Formula The evaluator recognizes the following constants (formulas are not case-sensitive): AV Waveform series with channel A Volts AI Waveform series with channel A Amps BV Waveform series with channel B Volts BI Waveform series with channel B Amps CV Waveform series with channel C Volts CI Waveform series with channel C Amps DV Waveform series with channel D Volts DI Waveform series with channel D Amps 95 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide Here are some examples of formulas: ON Name Unit Formula Comment CH1 X Av-Bv Ph-to-Ph Volts AV-BV Difference of AV and BV CH2 X Sum1 Volts (AV+BV+CV)/3 Average of sum of AV,BV and CV CH3 X Limit Volts 110 Straight line at 100 volts CH4 X Rectifier Volts ABS(AV) Rectified AV waveform OPERATORS The following operators are available: + Plus - Minus * Multiplication / Division ^ Raised to … Note: Parenthesis can be used in many levels (can we say up to how many levels the parenthesis can be nested? STANDARD FUNCTIONS The following standard functions are included even though they might not be very useful in this application. ABS(x) Calculates the absolute value of x SQRT(x) Calculates the square root of x SIN(x) Calculate the sine of x COS(x) Calculate the cosine of x TAN(x) Calculate the tangent of x ATAN(x) Calculates the arctangent of x LN(x) Calculates the logarithm of x EXP(x) Calculates the exponential of x LOG(x) Calculates the base 10 logarithm of x 96 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 10.5. Channels: FFT When the FFT-function is active, the “Channels” dialog in the event chart displays the following options. (Note: symmetrical components are only available with Math Package) Highest harmonic This combo box selects how many harmonics to display in your chart. The range is between 5-50 in steps of 5. FFT Parameters This block allows you to select which Channel/Parameter you wish to have harmonically analyzed. The analysis region is the part of the signal that is shaded in the Waveform (time domain). The frequency domain analysis of a parameter may be viewed even if the time domain view of the signal has been disabled. When the kWatt option is selected the harmonic watts chart is generated from the voltage and current waveforms of the same channel. If either voltage and or current is missing the kWatts option is prohibited. Show inter-harmonics The term inter-harmonic frequency in this context refers to all the frequencies that lie between the harmonics. By activating this checkbox, the FFT calculations will calculate and display all frequency components possible. The resolution on the frequency axis is dependent on how many fundamental cycles are selected for analysis (see notes below). If only one cycle is selected, there will be no inter-harmonics. The following table illustrates the number of inter-harmonics that will be displayed: 1 Cycle --> Harmonics only 2 Cycles --> Harmonics + one extra inter-harmonic between each harmonic. 3 Cycles --> Harmonics + two extra inter-harmonic between each harmonic. etc. Example: To obtain a resolution of 1Hz bands on a 60Hz line, you will have to select 60 cycles. 97 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide These cycles must be triggered in a way so they are continuous in time. For a PP1 or 4300 instrument it takes 60 events to make these 60 cycles. This mode of operation may take considerable calculation time. If you find that it is taking too long to complete the screen computations it is recommended that you select the least number of harmonics that will suit your purposes. DRAN-VIEW will only compute frequencies to the highest harmonic requested. For example, if you select twenty five rather than all fifty harmonics, it is possible to complete up to fifty percent faster. The inter-harmonics are not included in the THD, Even or Odd contribution calculations (according to standards). The Phase angles shown in the table (if activated) are also based on harmonics only. For inter-harmonics mode using the % of FND display mode, the fundamental frequency component is not removed from the chart as it is when inter-harmonics are disabled. This is because you may want to analyze the bands around and including the FND. Show in Hz Scales the X-axis and phase table (if enabled) in Hz instead of harmonic numbers. Show magnitudes in: This section allows you to configure four mutually exclusive modes of displaying the harmonic amplitudes as follows: NOTE: Because the DC component (harmonic zero) is normally zero, this position is utilized to display “Thd” instead. The Total Harmonic Distortion entry displays the total energy content of the harmonics in the analyzed signal. The format of this entry is a function of which display mode is chosen. Absolute Values: Selecting this option causes the harmonics to be displayed in their native engineering units format. Magnitudes for voltage and current are scaled to rms. Watts amplitudes are signed watts. Positive watts indicate energy is flowing from source to load. Negative watts indicate energy is flowing from the load to the source. In other words, the “load“ is behaving like a generator. If you find that the fundamental watts is negative, this may indicate that your current probe is reversed or you have some other wiring problem. The value in the Thd position represents the total energy generation contribution of harmonics 2 through 50. For voltage and current this value is in volts or amps rms. It results from the square root of their squared and summed amplitudes. For watts this value is the linear sum of the harmonic powers. Note that because watts harmonics are signed numbers this value could sum very close to zero or negative even though the harmonics may contain significant amplitude. NOTE: The value found in the Thd position when in the “Absolute Values” mode is the value used in the numerator when computing the Thd for the three other modes described below. 98 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 % of Fund: The harmonics are displayed as a percent of the fundamental. To preserve the scaling the fundamental is always zeroed, as its true value will always be 100% and therefore of no real interest. The Thd is the total contribution of harmonics 2 through 50 expressed as a percent of the fundamental. This value is also referred to as Distortion Factor in such standards as IEEE-519. Using this format it is possible for Thd to be greater than 100 percent. There are no known standards for expressing harmonic watts as a percentage of a value. Because watts is signed, its “Thd” value may be negative. In the special case where the fundamental is zero, the divisor is forced to one to prevent division by zero. % of RMS: The harmonics and Thd are displayed as a percent of the Total Rms or Total Average Watts. In the case of voltage or current the Total Rms is computed as the square root of the mean of the squared and summed sample magnitudes in the shaded area. This method of computing the RMS includes all harmonic and non-harmonic energy including harmonic zero (DC), the fundamental and any harmonics which may lie beyond the fiftieth. In the case of Watts the term RMS is really a misnomer. In this situation the term “% of Total Average Watts” is more appropriate. It is computed and used in the denominator of the calculation by doing a signed linear sum of the first through fiftieth harmonics (if available). The Thd position is the total contribution of harmonics 2 through 50 as a percent of the total rms (or average watts). The Thd when expressed in this format is also known as the Distortion Index (DIN). The advantage of this format is that for voltage and current the result is bounded between 0 and 100 percent. The watts values are computed in a similar fashion but because watts harmonics are signed values the percentage values are not similarly bounded. It is possible for watts percentages to be negative. It is also possible that an individual harmonic may have a larger amplitude than the total causing the absolute value of the percent to exceed 100. Division by zero is trapped out in the software. % of user scale: This option may be used to express the harmonics information as a percent of an arbitrary, user entered number. The most common application would be to compute current harmonics as a percent of load. It is intended for applications such as computing Total Demand Distortion (TDD) as defined in IEEE-519. Zero is illegal. 99 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide View: Phase Table This option provides a phase angle table to the right of the harmonic periodogram. The displayed phase angles are qualified by the selected normalization type and the expansion type (sine or cosine). The “Show in Hz” option may be used to label the table entries in Hertz or Harmonic number. View: Phase curve This option will overlay a curve of the actual phase angles on the harmonic bar chart. Expansion type: Cosine This option will generate phase angles suitable for a Cosine series expansion. Expansion type: Sine This option will generate phase angles suitable for a Sine series expansion. Recommended. Normalization: None No normalization. Phase angles are displayed exactly as they are returned from the sine/cosine expansion FFT/DFT. The phase angle of the fundamental will be representative of the actual phase positioning as displayed in the highlighted waveform. These angles may be used to “reconstruct” the waveform as it is seen in the highlighted waveform display. Normalization: To the FND This option recalculates the phases such that a reconstruction of the waveform using the normalized angles would appear “phase shifted” (left or right) by the number of degrees determined by the un-normalized fundamental phase angle. It has the effect of always setting the Fundamental phase angle to zero. If you keep the Y axis stationary, a signal reconstructed using a normalized cosine expansion would appear to be “pushed” to the left the number of degrees in the fundamental. A sine expansion would appear “pushed” to the right. This type of normalization destroys input to input phase offset information and as a consequence would modify a hand calculation of harmonic Watts. For this reason this option is not recommended. DRAN-VIEW always uses un-normalized phase angles when computing harmonic watts. Normalization: To the FND of This option is similar to Normalization to the FND except that ALL THE CHANNELS are normalized to the fundamental of the channel selected in the box. Normally, the sampling synchronization channel would be selected, which is usually channel A. If sine expansion is selected this option allows one to quickly view the 0, 240, 120 fundamental phase relationship of a positive rotation three phase system. 100 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 Note: All phase angles are unsigned magnitudes modulo 360. When a cosine expansion is normalized its form is changed from cos (wt - ) to cos (wt + ). All sine expansions are of the form sin (wt + ). represents the phase angle displayed in the Phase Table to the right of the plot (if enabled). An alternate way to view normalization is that normalization to the fundamental of a pure sine wave has the effect of making its sine “series” expansion look like a sine wave and its cosine “series” look like a cosine wave regardless of the starting phase of the originating signal. The term “series” in this context is a little silly because the only component would be the fundamental. Un-normalized phase angles generate the original signal as it is viewed in the time domain plot by just plugging directly in to the appropriate series expansion. On a nominal 400 Hz PP1/PP4300 database waveform the FFT is only done on the first 16 points of the automatically highlighted 128 data points. On nominal 50/60Hz PP1/PP4300 database waveforms and on all 658 waveforms all the highlighted area is always included in the analysis. One may explicitly direct DRAN-VIEW to consider all, or a subset of the waveform for analysis by using the DFT/FFT mode. In this mode all shaded points are always considered by the DFT/FFT routine. You may enter the DFT/FFT mode by clicking on the shaded portion of the waveform picture. A set of toolbars and text (such as “Sel: 16 of 128 (16-31)”) will appear to the left and over top of the waveform. The tool bars may be used for adjusting how much of the picture is highlighted and the text and the high-lighting tell exactly which area/samples will be passed through the FFT/DFT for analysis. This feature allows you to custom-select all, or a subset of the waveform. This advanced user feature is particularly useful for fine tuning analysis on 658 waveforms. Since 658 sampling is fixed (rather than phase-locked) you may occasionally get 121 samples (for instance) for a 60Hz cycle which requires only 120 samples. This extra data point may introduce a slight bit of error into the DFT analysis. This feature allows you to fine tune the sample window. This is the only mode that allows viewing inter-harmonics. Recommendation/Caution: To get the best and most meaningful results from the advanced user FFT/DFT mode it is wise to select only integer multiples of the fundamental. The DFT of a cycle and a half of data (for instance) will return dubious results. 101 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 10.5.1. Channels: FFT with Symmetrical Components (Math Package only) When the FFT-function is active and you have selected one of the Symmetrical Components radio buttons, the dialog will look slightly different. Show magnitude in : Absolute values: Selecting this option causes the symmetrical components to be displayed in their native engineering units format. % of Pos. Sequence components Selecting this option causes the symmetrical components to be displayed in percentage of the corresponding positive sequence components. Normally referred to as ‘Unbalance factors’ % of Pos. Sequence FND Selecting this option causes the symmetrical components to be displayed in percentage of the positive sequence fundamental component. 102 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 10.6. The ‘Header/Footer’ tab This tab defines the chart header and footer. The header is a single line and the footer may contain many lines. The header and in particular the footer can be customized to a very high degree by using a combination of plain text mixed with DRAN-VIEW control codes. The control codes translate to readable text at run-time showing in-depth information about the subject. In the example shown in the dialog box above, the footer text will translate to the following: at The only explicitly typed word in the sentence is the small word ‘at’, but together with the control codes this will build a complete sentence : CV RMS In lim sens. Incr at 96-04-24 15-14-09,120 Threshold crossed: 15.00 Volt Build you own smart footers by mixing phrases and information combined with one or several of the available control codes: &s = Site name from instrument database &f = The actual document filename &p = Actual page &m = Measurement date (start - end) &t = Time and date for the current event. &d = Current date (now) &e = Show the event number. Event numbers used by DRAN-VIEW does not match instrument event numbers. &b = Brief description of the current event. (Same as viewed in the event list in the toolbar) &w = Worst/thresholds/limits information (apply only to footer since it may contain several lines) &v = Very detailed information about event. Information according to &w is shown as well as other data. If you use &v, do not use &w at the same time. Font Use these buttons to change the font and text color for the header or footer. 103 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 10.7. Colors This tab defines the colors, fonts and other visual attributes of the chart. The topmost part of the dialog contains curve- related properties such as color, style and thickness. A complete set of all properties for the available channels is called a scenario. For the waveform chart (right pane) there are two color scenarios that may be customized in any configuration. In the first scenario (Locked to channel) every channel ALWAYS has the color that is assigned to it. In the second scenario (Incremental) the chart uses colors as they are needed according to how many channels there are to be displayed. The default implementation uses a monochrome setup as scenario 2. You should know that curves with thickness above 1 point and with non-solid styles are drawn more slowly. Other chart attributes set in this dialog tab: Axis color This command brings up the standard color selection dialog box. The dialog allows you to design your own colors. Axis font This command brings up the standard font selection dialog box. Grid Style This command brings up a dialog box with controls to define a customized line type for the chart grid. Cross hair Use these radio buttons to set the size of the cross hair. Grid Use these radio buttons to define how detailed grid you want to use. Fast plot DRAN-VIEW can plot thick lines (curves) very rapidly using it's fast plotting method. The method is however not plotting with the same high quality as when MS-Windows is in charge of the drawing. Activate this mode if you feel that your computer is a bit slow with 104 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 respect to curve plotting. This checkbox will not effect printing since printing is always using high quality plotting. 105 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 10.8. Axis This dialog tab controls the settings for two types of axis-related features: LOCKING and DELTA-MEASUREMENTS. LOCKING The charts autoscale their axes according to the present data. In this dialog, however, you can lock (freeze) the axis scaling and set it to any range desired. DELTA MEASUREMENT This feature is activated from the toolbar button (or from the tools menu), but the settings are made using this dialog tab. Zooming and all other functionality in the program will continue to work, even if the X- and Y- axis are LOCKED. Note that the axis may not exactly follow the recommended start and end points given here; DRAN-VIEW always attempts to produce an axis with the best apparent increments. Activate Y-axis lock You must enable this checkbox before you can edit the Min and Max values of each Y- axis. Activate X-axis lock Use this checkbox to LOCK the X-axis to user defined range. This group of controls is only shown if the active chart contains more then a couple of seconds of information. This is because DRAN-VIEW does not allow editing with higher precision then one second. Y-Delta marker and X-Delta marker Activates delta measurement information related to the selected axis. Show 1/time The delta information for the X-axis will show 1/x (Hz) instead of time information. 106 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 10.9. 3D Use this dialog to switch between 2D and 3D and to rotate the 3D chart. While the chart is in 3D mode the zoom functions are disabled, but you can always switch back to 2D to do the zoom and then go back to 3D. A 3D chart can be rotated using the PAN- buttons in the toolbar. Go directly to the 3D-tab using the toolbar button: This dialog offers the following options: Activate 3D chart If this checkbox is checked the chart becomes 3D. The 3D-settings are only available if this checkbox is ON Rotation Y This is the left-right rotation angle. The possible settings are ±90°. Rotation is also possible using the horizontal scrollbar. Rotation X This is the up-down rotation angle. The possible settings are ±90°. Rotation is also possible using the vertical scrollbar. Default rotation This button resets the rotation to the factory angles. 3D chart This checkbox indicates if 3D is active. Simple 3D This checkbox may be used to speed up the chart drawings on screen. If this checkbox is checked then there will be no shadowed 3D effects on each curve. Note: This setting does NOT affect the printouts, only the image on the screen. Use color scenario This checkbox is used to either have the chart completely black and white or to use the currently selected color scenario for the chart. (See the colors tab ) in the chart property box) Show event marker This checkbox may be used to show a 3D marker indicating the current event. 107 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 10.10. Table Use this dialog to activate a table beside the chart with peak values or statistical information. The dialog offers the following options: Activate Statistics Table If this option is checked then the table will be visible beside the chart. Peak value with timestamp If this option is selected then the table will contain the largest absolute value obtained within the actual zoom time-range. Statistics table If this option is selected then the table may contain one or several of the statistical analysis shown below: Max : The maximum value inside the current time limits. Median : The median value inside the current time limits. Min : The minimum value inside the current time limits. Standard dev. : Weighted Standard Deviation of data inside the current time limits. 5% : For 5% of the time the values are less then the 5% value. 95% : For 95% of the time the values are less then the 95% value. 99% : For 99% of the time the values are less then the 99% value. Go directly to the table-tab using the toolbar button: 108 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 10.11. Phasor tab This tab defines the style of the phasor plot that may be placed beside/below the waveform chart. Activate phasor chart Enable this checkbox to view the phasors. Chart and phasor The view will show both the waveform chart and the phasor. Phasor only The view will only show the phasor (the waveform chart will not be shown). This command can be used in a quite illustrative way to show an “animation” of phase shifts by starting from event #1 and then stepping through the waveform events be holding down the toolbar button Next waveform event. Relative size This command will set the size of the phasor chart. (between 24-45 % of the screen area) Show grid This command will activate a grid for the phasors. 109 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide Normalize to channel This option normalizes the fundamental harmonic phasors to the selected channel. Normalization to a channel has the effect of “zeroing” (rotating to zero) the phase angle of the selected channel and phase-shifting or “rotating” the phasors of the remaining channels by an amount equal to the un-normalized phase angle of the selected channel. The phase angle difference between each channel remains unaffected. Typically the channel one would wish to select would be the measurement synchronization channel (usually channel A). In a three phase system this would have the effect of putting the phasors at the conventional 0, 240 and 120 degree orientation (Channels A, B, C respectively). TIP: On some displays selecting phasors may distort the Harmonic or Waveform graphic due to display size constraints. If reducing the size of the phasors using the “Show Relative Size” option is not adequate for your viewing purposes you can use the “Split Left” option to give the right pane the whole screen. “Split Left” is available via the “Window” menu or the leftmost button of the Split screen toolbar. Generally, this will size the screen so both graphics may be viewed easily. 110 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 Chapter 11 - TECH NOTES 11.1. How does DRAN-VIEW do harmonic analysis ? Harmonic Analysis -A Brief Overview The essential concept of harmonic analysis is that a band-limited, periodic, time domain signal may be equivalently expressed as a summation of harmonically-related sine and cosine functions. To do this, the harmonic amplitudes and phase angle offsets of the sine/cosine functions must be chosen properly. We refer to the process of decomposing the time domain signal (the waveform) into amplitude and phase components as harmonic analysis. DRAN-VIEW transforms the highlighted part of a displayed time domain (Waveform) signal into its equivalent amplitude and phase components by doing a Fourier Transform. This function is invoked by the FFT button. A Fast (FFT) or Discrete (DFT) transform is automatically chosen dependent on whether there is a binary number of samples available. The results are the same with either method but the FFT is usually considerably faster. Almost all implementations of an FFT are dependent on the capture of a binary number of samples over the measurement window. The FFT is appropriate for Dranetz-BMI PP1s’ and PP4300s’ data because the front end data capture of those instruments has been designed to capture a binary number of samples per fundamental cycle (usually 128). The DFT, which is slower but more flexible, is used in situations such as on instruments like the 658 where the number of samples per fundamental cycle is non- binary or it varies according to the line frequency. In the special “DFT/FFT” mode DRAN- VIEW may be explicitly directed to do the DFT/FFT over any portion of the viewed waveform. This mode is entered by clicking on the shaded portion of the viewed signal and then using the tool bars and text that appear above the signal to select (shade) any portion of the waveform that is desired (shown by the shaded area). In this mode all the shaded area is always used in the analysis. Multiple cycles of the fundamental may be analyzed to achieve better averaging. It also allows one to retrieve the rms of the total shaded area. In special cases such as 400 hertz PP1/PP4300 signals the FFT transform that is performed is only applied to the first cycle of the eight cycles that are shaded. This caveat only applies to the “automatically” shaded and analyzed signals. When the special “by hand” analysis is done in the advanced FFT/DFT mode all of the shaded signal is always used. Using an appropriate sine/cosine series summation, the original time domain signal (the waveform) may be approximately reconstructed from the provided phase and amplitude information. The full set of required harmonics coupled with infinite arithmetic accuracy would make it theoretically possible to regenerate the signal exactly. The number of harmonics required to do an “ideal” reconstruction would be N divided by two, where N is the number of samples in the highlighted sample window. DRAN-VIEW limits the displayed harmonics to fifty. This, coupled with roundup and truncation errors insures that any 111 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide attempted reconstruction of the waveform from the phase and amplitude data would only be an approximation of the original signal. A word about conventions To minimize confusion, DRAN-VIEW expresses all phase information as an unsigned positive angle, in degrees modulo 360. The author has found it wise to follow this convention religiously. Failure to do so will usually result in incorrect (or confusing) results. In all the equations in this document, all symbolic variables used on the right side of the equation are inherently, or have been resolved to, positive unsigned numbers. The only exception would be the variable t (time). Negative t might buy you the dubious joy of traversing “backwards” (right to left) through a signal. Except for Harmonic Watts, the outputs of the equations are resolvable to positive unsigned values. It has been the author’s experience that once the basic math is understood the greatest obstruction to getting correct and consistent answers is the failure to consistently handle phase angles and phase angle differences. Harmonic Series Expansion Equations Note: The following equations are for harmonic volts and amps and not Harmonic Watts. Equations for UN-Normalized Transforms These series expansions are used for un-normalized harmonic transforms. Un-normalized phase information is generated from DRAN-VIEW when you have “Normalization-None” selected in the “FFT Chart - Channels” setup dialog. The equations may be used to approximately reconstruct a highlighted waveform from the un-normalized transform data. N f(t ) = C O S t - for un-normalized cosine transforms (n ) ∑ Α n n n = 1 N f(t ) = S I N t + for un-normalized sine transforms (n ) ∑ Α n n n = 1 Where: f(t ) is the periodic time domain signal. Usually volts or amps. n is the harmonic number. DRAN-VIEW limits N to 50. 112 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 is the peak amplitude of the nth harmonic sine/cosine. In DRAN-VIEW you may read An rms amplitudes from the harmonic bar graph or from the View Data List information. These values may be converted to peak form by multiplying them by the square root of two. Because the energy generation potential of a voltage or amperage harmonic signal is proportional to the Root Mean Square (RMS) of the peak value, DRAN-VIEW displays these values in RMS format for convenience. Using the rms values you can easily compute the rms energy in any subset of harmonics by taking the square root of the sum of their rms amplitudes squared. This becomes useful if you are interested in the energy contribution of a small subset of harmonics rather than the total harmonic energy which DRAN-VIEW provides directly. For example, to find the rms contribution of the third and fifth, sum their squared values and take the square root. To convert to percent of the total, divide by the Total RMS value. is the angular frequency. Conventionally this is 2 f1 where f1 is the fundamental frequency in reciprocal seconds (one over the period, T1) and 2 is in radians. DRAN-VIEW expresses all angles in degrees so this value resolves to 360°/T1 where T1 is the fundamental period in seconds. Note that in special situations the period T1 may be an integral fraction of the highlighted area used in the transform. This rule applies primarily when more than one fundamental wave is highlighted. For instance, at 400 Hz the PP1-PQPlus captures eight cycles of data for each event. If you use the special FFT/DFT (“by hand”) mode to analyze the waveform, the software generates the “fundamental” and harmonics by picking every eighth element out of the transform array. t is in seconds. Is the positive modulo 360 degree phase angle offset at t equals zero. This value is n provided by DRAN-VIEW in the phase table or the View Data List. Note that the phase offset, , is subtracted in the cosine expansion and added in the n sine expansion. The cosine expansion is included as an option primarily because it is the form that many texts on the subject of Fourier Analysis prefer to use. It is not the preferred form for power calculations. Agreement with math texts is also the reason that the minus sign was preserved in the cosine expansion above. Negating the un- normalized cosine expansion before presentation in the DRAN-VIEW phase table would have allowed the sine and cosine expansion forms to be analogous (it would be much easier to remember that way). Because of the preponderance of cosine transforms in texts, you are more likely to get agreement using the cosine transform option if you are using a typical textbook application to do your own transforms on the same data. In the power industry, the sine transform makes the most sense and is the preferred form. For example, the phase relationship of a positive sequence three phase system is usually expressed as 0, 240 and 120 degrees for phases A, B and C, respectively. Expressed in the cos t - form preferred by mathematicians these phasor angles would become 90, ( ) 210 and 330, respectively. Confusing, to say the least. Most non-mathematicians 113 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide visualize and speak of sine waves not cosine waves. Phasors in the power industry almost always come from sine transforms. NOTE: In the expansions above (and throughout most of this document) the contribution of the DC component (harmonic zero) has been ignored. To be technically correct it should be included but it is typically discarded because in AC circuits it is usually close to zero. The DC component is simply the algebraic average of all the data points in the cycle. If the DC component is significant then f(t) may be more accurately computed by including the average voltage or current in the summation. Phase angles and Normalization Normalization, as used by Dranetz-BMI, refers to the process of recomputing the phase offsets output by the harmonic transform in order to relocate the expression of the signal to a new origin. Since the phase angles generated by a harmonic transform are dependent on both the start point of the sample window and the form of the transform (whether it is sine or cosine; whether the phase angle is added or subtracted etc.) it is possible to get a bewildering set of equivalent phase angle data sets for the same set of waveforms. Normalization attempts to standardize the expression of a (set of) waveform(s) by always referencing the data to the same point. The most useful application of this option is in referencing the phase angles of the harmonic transform to the positive zero crossing of the voltage sample synchronization channel fundamental. This is particularly helpful when viewing the fundamental phasors of highly distorted signals in a three phase system. In the presence of high distortion, typical sampling hardware may not synchronize itself exactly to the zero crossing of a sync channel fundamental. This could cause the phase offsets of the fundamentals that are returned from the un-normalized sine transforms to be, for example, 343, 223 and 103 degrees for channels A, B and C, respectively. Normalizing this data to the fundamental of channel A will yield a familiar 0, 240, 120 degree sequence that we easily recognize as a positive sequence three phase system. This is calculated as follows. Since we wish to normalize to the sync channel (Channel A) we must “subtract out” the phase offset of the sync channel from each of the channels as follows: Normalized Phase A = 343 -343 = 0 Normalized Phase B = 223 - 343 = -120 + 360 = 240 Normalized Phase C = 103 - 343 = -240 + 360 = 120 Note that for phases B and C we add 360 degrees back in because, by convention, we always resolve angles to positive modulo 360. If we were to use these normalized angles in the sine expansion equation given above to generate f(t) we would get approximately the original signals except that their time origins would be shifted left 343 degrees. Alternatively you could view it as shifting the time axis forward (to the right) -343+360 = 17 degrees. Imagine it as clipping 343 degrees from the end of the cycle and pasting it to the front, or clipping 17 degrees from the front of the cycle and pasting it to the end. 114 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 Normalization to the fundamental of a single channel does not change the channel to channel phase offsets. This is important because the channel to channel phase offsets are used to compute Harmonic Watts. If you “Normalize to the Fund” of the individual channel you are essentially “zeroing out” the fundamental phase angles of all the channels. This will destroy the true phase to phase relationships between channels and thus change the hand-computed Harmonic Watts from their true values. This is very important to remember! Because of the potential to corrupt the Harmonic Watts computations, we recommend that you exercise caution when using the “Normalize to the Fund” option. In order to insure that the harmonic watts computations are correct, DRAN-VIEW always internally uses the un-normalized voltage and current phase angles to compute watts. The following equations are used in normalization. To Compute a Normalized Phase Angle from the UN-Normalized Expression Below is the general formula that may be used to normalize un-normalized phase angles which were intended to be used in expressions of the form sin ( t ± ) or cos ( t ± ). Remember, is unsigned modulo 360! = b * ( - n ) Normalized UnNormalized n n 1 For DRAN-VIEW the equation above resolves to two forms = n - Used for cosine expansion Normalized UnNormalized n 1 n = - n Used for sine expansion Normalized UnNormalized n n 1 Where: b=1 if you wish the sign of the expression t ± to be the same for the normalized expansion as it was in the UN-normalized expansion (i.e., if the un-normalized expansion used sin ( t + ) and the normalized expansion used sin ( t + ), then b=1). Normalized Otherwise, b=(-1). For example, in DRAN-VIEW the expansion is changed from cos ( t - ) to cos ( t + ), here b=(-1). Normalized is the nth harmonic phase angle. on the right side of the equation is the phase n n angle generated from the Un-Normalized Transform. The left side is the phase angle transformed to its normalized perspective. is expressed as a positive number modulo n 360. 115 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide Is the Un-Normalized fundamental phase angle of the selected channel. If you selected 1 “Normalize To the Fnd” is the un-normalized phase angle of the currently displayed 1 channel. If you select “Normalize to the Fnd of:” then is the un-normalized phase angle of 1 the selected voltage channel. n is the harmonic number The expression used to normalize a sine expansion is what one would intuitively expect to see. We wish to “subtract out” the fundamental phase angle, therefore it is logical to subtract n degrees from each harmonic phase offset. The harmonic number “n” is 1 required because one degree of shift along the fundamental is equal to n degrees of shift along the nth harmonic. Note that the normalization equation for cosine expansions is just the negation of the expression for sine expansions. This unfortunate bit of confusion is caused by the fact that in the process of normalizing the cosine expansion, the form of the expansion is changed from cos (ωt - δ) to cos (ωt + δ). The change of the minus sign to a plus sign requires the negation of the normalization result. Note that if we are normalizing the channel from which we get the phase of the normalized fundamental will always be 1 zero. Equations to recompute waveforms from Normalized Transforms N f(t ) = COS t + - n normalized cosine transform ∑ (n ) Α n n 1 n = 1 N f(t ) = SI N t + + n normalize sine transform ∑ (n ) Α n n 1 n = 1 The above equations will generate the original signal just like the equations shown for un-normalized transforms. Note that if you drop the n term from either equation 1 what remains would be the equation required to redraw the original signal phase shifted modulo 360 degrees (of the fundamental). 1 Power Dissipation Watts Before discussing harmonic watts, terms are defined as follows: 116 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 The average steady state power dissipation, PAverage, for an integral number of cycles of a sinusoidal current driven by a sinusoidal voltage is: PAverage = VRMS * IRMS * cos Where VRMS = RMS Voltage applied to the current. IRMS = RMS current in amps. = The phase difference between the volts and the current using volts as the reference. (i.e., if volts are referenced at 0 degrees (its display looks like a sine wave) and the associated current is at 90 degrees (it looks like a cosine wave) then θ = 0° - 90° = -90°+360° = 270°). Using this convention, (keeping volts at 0 degrees) we find that when θ is in the first and fourth quadrant (when θ is 0° to ± 90° degrees but not equal ± 90° ) PAverage is positive (power goes to the load). The second and third quadrants (90°<θ<270°) generate negative power (i.e., your “load” is actually a generator. This usually means your probe is on backwards). When θ is exactly 90° or 270° no active power is generated (Paverage = 0). In this special case the power is pure reactive. If θ is 90° then it is pure inductive. At 270° it is pure capacitive. Important Notes about : Because cos θ is equal to cos (-θ) the computation of watts is correct if you reference current to volts or volts to current, either way. As we shall see, this flexibility sets the stage for endless confusion. The reactive power, VAR, is computed as sin θ. Since sin (-θ) is equal to -sin θ we can see that the computation of VAR is greatly affected by how you compute the phase difference, θ, between volts and current. Referencing current to voltage will give a different reactive power than if you reference volts to current. To further confuse the issue, the way in which you express the signals also affects your results. For example, the phase angles from the signals expressed as sin (ωt + δ) must be handled differently than if you take the phase angles from the same signals expressed as cos (ωt - δPrime) if you wish to get the same results. Obviously, we need to establish a convention if we ever wish to get consistent power calculations. Statement of Power Convention When the current signal lags the voltage signal that is driving it we say that it is inductive and by convention, we assign the reactive power (VAR) to be positive. When the current signal leads the voltage signal that is driving it is considered capacitive and by convention the reactive power is assigned to be negative. This is the standard used on all Dranetz- BMI products. This power industry standard is reasonable when you consider that most real world loads are inductive. If you accept that “normal” should be positive then it is reasonable to assign positive to inductive (normal) loads. The terms leading and lagging are taken from phasor notation. The phasors are imagined to be rotating in a counter-clockwise direction. They are conventionally shown starting at some arbitrary phase offset equivalent to time t equal zero. The phase offset is the phase angle offset gotten 117 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide when the signals are expressed in the form sin (ωt + δ). Expressed in this fashion the leading signal is the signal with the greatest unsigned phase offset unless the difference between the larger and the smaller δ is greater than 180 degrees. In this case the signal with the smaller δ is the leading signal. Remember, we always express δ in unsigned modulo 360 format. Using this carefully constructed convention the phase difference between volts and current is correct for computing both active power, watts, and reactive power, VAR, when the signals are expressed in sin ( ) format and the t current phase angle offset is subtracted from the voltage phase angle. The following example illustrates what happens if you fail to exercise care when doing power calculations. Given a capacitive load with a voltage signal expressed as sin (ωt + .2°) and a current signal expressed as sin (ωt + 35°) we can compute the watts as cos (.2 - 35° + 360°) = cos (325.2°) = .82 watts. The VAR is computed as sin (325.2°) = -.57 VAR. By our convention, a negative sign on the VAR indicates that the current leads the voltage and consistent with that convention, we can say that it is capacitive. The positive sign on the watts indicates that the power is flowing from the source to the load, as you would expect. If the sign of the watts value was negative it would imply that the “load” was behaving as a generator. If you were looking at the fundamental, it would indicate that you probably have your current probe reversed. Now, if you use the trigonometric identities cos (θ) = cos (-θ) and cos (90° - θ) = sin (θ) to express the signals in cos (ωt - δ) format you will get very different results. sin (ωt + .2°) = cos (90° - (ωt + .2°)) = cos (- ωt + 89.8°) = cos (ωt - 89.8°) (Volts) sin (ωt + 35°) = cos (90° - (ωt + 35°)) = cos (- ωt + 55°) = cos (ωt - 55°) (Current) Now, using the 89.8° and 55° values that would be presented in the un-normalized cosine expansion phase table and using the same conventions as before to compute watts and VAR you will get the correct value for watts (cos(89.8°-55°) = .82 watts) but the value you get for VAR will be the negation of the previous computation (sin(89.8°-55°) = .57 VAR). If you had known to use (-89.8°-(-55°)) = -34.8° + 360° = 325.2° as your θ, then both your watts and VAR would have worked out correctly. DRAN-VIEW always presents the phase angle θ in the watts harmonic phase table in a manner consistent with computing both watts and VAR correctly regardless of which expansion form you choose. Harmonic Watts In a non sinusoidal system it turns out that dissimilar voltage and current harmonics do not interact to generate useable power. You can readily convince yourself of this by graphically sketching the power curve resulting from a fundamental voltage signal and a second harmonic of current. The power curve results from a point by point multiplication of the two signals. The average power results from dividing the area under the curve by the total time. You will be able to see that the average power over one cycle of the fundamental and two cycles of the second harmonic will average to zero (by symmetry you will see the positive lobes will cancel the negative lobes). The result of this 118 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 little mathematical bonus is that only harmonics of the same order interact to generate power. This means that in the frequency domain the average active power dissipation over one cycle of the fundamental in a system rich in harmonics may be computed by summating the individual “harmonic watts dissipations”. Mathematically this is: N PAverage = VDC*IDC + RMSJ * IRMSJ * cos J ∑V J =1 Where VRMSJ Is rms voltage at the Jth harmonic IRMSJ Is the rms current at the Jth harmonic Is the difference between the phase angles Φ, of the voltage and current at J the Jth harmonic. ( J = ). See previous discussion on ΦvoltageJ - Φcurrent J how to compute θ. PDC Is the power dissipation due to the dc components VDC*IDC. It can usually be ignored. Caveats Harmonic watts may have dubious meaning if “Normalize to Fnd” is selected. Although DRAN-VIEW always gives the correct value, hand-calculations may be erroneous. Generally, the phase angles for the amperage harmonics are not phase corrected for the lead/lag introduced by the probes. If this value proves to be a significant proportion of the total phase difference between the volts and amps signals then a significant error will be introduced. The phase accuracy decreases significantly as a function of increasing harmonic frequency therefore the greater the harmonic content the more error you are likely to see in the harmonic watts calculations. It is possible for the phasors and the fundamental angles in the phase table to disagree if cosine expansion for the phase table is chosen or if the phasors and phase table normalization configuration disagree. Individual phase harmonic watts values will be incorrect for three phase differential delta configurations because the current values are line currents and the voltages are the phase to phase voltages (i.e., the current that is measured is not the current that is being driven by the measured voltage). The phase to phase current is not generally directly accessible in a three phase delta situation. Generally, the voltage and current phase angles will be 119 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide displaced 30 degrees from what they should be. If the two watt meter method (using Blondel’s Theorem) is used to measure a three phase delta the harmonic totals may be deduced by adding the harmonic watts of the two “phases” constructed in the two watt-meter measurement. In Dranetz-BMI instruments using the three phase differential delta measurement connection (PP1/PP4300) the two watt-meter method is mathematically constructed within the instrument. Therefore the total watts presented in meter mode are correct. 120 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 11.2. How does DRAN-VIEW do weighted statistics ? The samples inside the current time limits are sorted in ascending sample magnitude order along with their associated durations. A given sample is assumed to be the best estimate of line conditions until a new sample comes along to replace it. Therefore its duration (or weighting) is given as the time difference between the sample and the next sample. Starting at the lowest sample magnitude the associated sample durations are summed. When the duration sum equals or exceeds 5%, 50% (median value), 95% and 99% of the total duration of all samples, the magnitude is extracted and shown. These are the values used for the 5%, median, 95% and 99% estimates (Also used in the “Quality of Supply” charts of Report Writer). We can think of the result as : For N% of the time the values are less than or equal to the N% value. For the rest of the time it is greater. (where N is 5,50,95 or 99) The weighted standard deviation is carried out using the following formulas. D denotes durations and X denotes sample magnitudes: N Duration of all samples = Dtotal = ∑ D n n=1 Where Dn is equal to the time duration associated with each individual sample. N ∗ ∑ D X n n n=1 Weighted (by duration) Average of Samples = X = weighted D Total Using the weighted average as our model the formula for the weighted standard deviation is as follows: 2 ∗ -XWeighted ∑ D X n ( ) n Weighted (by duration) Standard Deviation (biased) = DTotal 121 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide R M S v o l t a g e i n k V R M S v o l t a g e i n V 11.3. On Voltage DIP Location and Symmetrical components Thus chapter describes some methods for determining the origin of a voltage dip: distinguishing between different causes (transformer energizing; motor starting; short-circuit and earth faults); distinguishing between upstream and downstream events. The method of symmetrical components is introduced for the analysis of unbalanced dips. Causes of Voltage Dips. Voltage dips are due to motor starting, transformer energizing, and short-circuit or earth faults. Different causes give different characteristics, as can be observed from Figures 1 through 3. In all three figures, the rms voltage as a function of time is shown. 11.5 11 10.5 10 9.5 9 8.5 0 5 10 15 20 Time in Cycles Figure 1, Voltage dip due to a fault. This type of dip is characterised by a sharp drop and a sharp rise in voltage. The three voltages may be unbalanced (as in this example) or balanced. 220 215 210 205 200 195 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Time in Cycles Figure 2, Voltage dip due to motor starting. This type of dip is characterised by a sharp drop and a smooth recovery of the voltage. The three voltages are balanced, and the voltage after the event is typically somewhat lower than before the event. 122 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 R M S v o l t a g e i n k V 11 10.9 10.8 10.7 10.6 10.5 10.4 10.3 10.2 10.1 10 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time in Cycles Figure 3, Voltage dip due to transformer energizing. This type of dip is characterised by a sharp drop and a smooth recovery of the voltage. The three voltages are unbalanced, and show a significant even harmonic (2nd and 4th harmonic) distortion. Determining the cause of the dip is in most cases straightforward. For this the rms voltage as a function of time can be used, together with the following algorithm: • Sharp drop and sharp rise in rms voltage: voltage dip due to a fault. • Sharp drop and slow recovery of the rms voltage; the three voltages are balanced: voltage dip due to motor starting. • Sharp drop and slow recovery of the rms voltage; the three voltages are unbalanced and contain significant even harmonic distortion: voltage dip due to transformer energizing. Studies have shown that for over 95% of recordings, the cause can be determined in this way. Voltage Dip Direction Voltage dips are in all cases due to a large increase in current somewhere in the power system: a motor starting current; a transformer energising current; or a fault current. The difference between “downstream events” and “upstream events” has to do with whether this increased current passes the monitor location or not. An example is shown in Figure 4. The starting of the motor leads to an increase in current and a voltage dip. Both monitors will record the voltage dip, but only monitor 2 will record the increase in current. For monitor 1, the origin of the dip is “upstream”; for monitor 2, it is “downstream”. Note that “upstream” does not necessarily have to be at a higher voltage level. 123 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide transmission / distribution network M1 M2 motor being Other load M started Figure 4, Motor starting seen by two different monitors. Both monitors will observe a drop in voltage. Monitor 1 will observe a drop in current; monitor 2 a rise in current. One may also look at this in terms of cause and effect. For monitor 2, the rise in current causes a drop in voltage. For monitor 1, the drop in voltage, causes a drop in current. From this observation an often-quoted rule is extracted: “Drop in voltage, rise in current: downstream origin. Drop in voltage, drop in current; upstream origin.” An important underlying assumption with this rule is that a drop in voltage leads to a drop in current. At the time-scales associated with voltage dips this holds for almost all loads. Many publications treat the voltage-dependence of the load on time-scales of seconds to minutes. Those dependencies should not be confused with the load behaviour during voltage dips. Symmetrical components The method of symmetrical components was developed in the 1920’s to simplify the calculation of fault currents in three-phase power systems. The method splits complicated three-phase calculations in three simple single-phase calculations. For many years now, the method is used for calculations of fault currents and voltage dips, and within education to increase the understanding of the system behaviour during non-symmetrical faults. For a detailed explanation of the method, please refer to the literature on power system analysis. From a set of three (complex) phase voltages, three so-called component voltages or sequence voltages can be calculated. • The positive-sequence voltage contains that part of the voltages that contributes to the power transfer from the generators to rotating load. The positive-sequence voltage forms a balanced set of voltages, which is rotating in the same direction as the generators and motors in the system. In normal operation of the power system, the positive-sequence voltage dominates. The same holds for the positive-sequence current. • The negative-sequence voltage also forms a balanced set of voltages; but this one is rotating in the opposite direction (one can think of this as two phases being swapped). The presence of a non-zero negative-sequence voltage points to an unbalance in the 124 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 system. In normal operation the negative-sequence voltage is less than 1% of the positive-sequence voltage. Larger negative-sequence voltages lead to overheating of electrical motors and generators, 100 Hz torque fluctuations with electrical motors, and large current unbalances in three-phase rectifiers. The negative-sequence current is driven by the negative-sequence voltage. With positive-sequence voltage and current as base, 1% negative-sequence voltage may lead to 5-10% negative-sequence current. • The zero-sequence voltage is the average of the three phase voltages. It is that part of the voltages which neither rotates with the electrical machines, nor against them. A zero-sequence current always indicates a return path for the current, through a neutral conductor or through earth. In normal operation the zero-sequence voltages and currents are less than 1% of the positive-sequence values. The presence of a zero- sequence voltage rarely affects the load, but may point to an unbalance in load current. Vc = Va Vb unbalanced voltages + + V1 × positive-sequence +V2 × negative-sequence +V0 × zero-sequence Figure 5, Symmetrical component voltages as building blocks for an unbalanced set of voltages. The relation between the phase voltages and the symmetrical component voltages is shown in Figure 5. The (complex) voltage in phase a (red in Figure 5) is the sum of the following three terms: • A factor V1 times the phase-a voltage for the positive-sequence base voltages. • A factor V2 times the phase-a voltage for the negative-sequence base voltages. • A factor V0 times the phase-a voltage for the negative-sequence base voltages The (complex) factors V1, V2, and V0, are called “positive-sequence voltage”, “negative- sequence voltage”, and “zero-sequence voltage”, respectively. It can be shown mathematically that such a so-called decomposition is possible and that the three component voltages are in all cases uniquely defined. Non-Symmetrical Faults The method of symmetrical components is a very strong calculation tool for the analysis of non-symmetrical faults. It gives, among others, relations between the various components 125 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide r m s v o l t a g e r m s c u r r e n t for different types of faults. The currents referred to below are in all cases for a downstream fault (the fault current passes the monitor location). For a three-phase fault, the negative-sequence and zero-sequence voltages and currents are zero. The positive-sequence voltage drops, the positive-sequence current increases. For a single-phase fault, the drop in positive-sequence voltage is similar to the value of the negative-sequence voltage. Positive-sequence, negative-sequence, and zero-sequence currents are about equal. The value of the zero-sequence voltage depends very much on the method of system grounding in use. For solidly grounded systems, the zero-sequence voltage is similar to the negative-sequence voltage. For impedance-grounded systems, the zero-sequence voltage can be up to 1pu, with very small negative-sequence voltage, and a very small drop in positive-sequence voltage. For a phase-to-phase fault, the drop in positive-sequence voltage is similar to the value of the negative-sequence voltage. Positive-sequence and negative-sequence currents are about equal. Zero-sequence voltage and current are zero. All transformer types except the Yy-transformer, do not transfer the zero-sequence voltages and currents. Due to the presence of transformers between the fault location and the monitor location, the zero-sequence voltages and currents due to a single-phase-fault are not always present at the monitor location. It is therefore in many cases not possible to distinguish between a dip due to a single-phase fault and a dip due to a phase-to-phase fault. time time Figure 6, Positive-sequence (orange) and negative-sequence (purple) voltages and currents during downstream single-phase and phase-to-phase faults. For two-phase-to-ground faults, it is not possible to give such simple rules. In an impedance-grounded system, the result of a two-phase-to-ground fault is similar to a phase-to-phase-fault. In a solidly-grounded system, negative-sequence and zero-sequence voltage are about equal and equal to half the drop in positive-sequence voltage. The positive-sequence current is about twice the negative-sequence and zero-sequence current. 126 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 r m s v o l t a g e r m s c u r r e n t Direction of Unbalanced Dips The presence of the negative-sequence voltage and current during unbalanced dips (dips due to non-symmetrical faults) makes it more difficult to determine the direction of the dip. Before the fault, the negative-sequence voltage and current are close to zero, so that both will show an increase. Motor load as well as rectifier load takes a large negative-sequence current even for a small negative-sequence voltage. The result may be that the current increases in some of the phases, but decreases in some of the other phases, time time Figure 7, Positive-sequence (orange) and negative-sequence (purple) voltages and currents during upstream single-phase and phase-to-phase faults. Note the difference in scale for the currents, compared with Figure 6. The pre-event positive-sequence current is the same for both cases. The same general rule as before can be used when only positive-sequence voltages and currents are considered. Comparing Figures 6 and 7 further illustrates this. For a downstream fault, the positive-sequence current increases; for an upstream fault, the positive-sequence current decreases. The negative-sequence current increases in both cases. Further Reading • M.H.J. Bollen, Understanding power quality problems – Voltage sags and interruptions, New York: IEEE Press, 2000. • P.M. Anderson, Analysis of faulted power systems, New York, IEEE Press, 1995. • J. Grainer, W.D. Stevenson, Power system analysis, McGrawHill, 1999. • J.L. Blackburn, Symmetrical components for power system engineering, Marcel Dekker, 1993. • B. Stenborg, Elkraftsystem del 2: Analys av onormala tillstånd (in Swedish). Gothenburg: Chalmers, Dept. Electric Power Engineering, 1997. 127 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 11.4. How do I get the data into Microsoft Excel ? Data is exported as ASCII text out of DRAN-VIEW in a text file or using the clipboard. To get the data into Microsoft Excel as quickly as possible, do the following: • Make the chart that contains your data active by clicking on it. • Zoom into the area you want to export, if desired. • Press the ‘View table list’ toolbar button. • Press the ‘Copy to clipboard’ toolbar button. • The ASCII-Export dialog box is shown, press OK • Start MS-EXCEL and use the ‘Paste’ toolbar button. Detailed information: The ASCII Export dialog can be brought to you in two ways: A. You have selected Edit-Copy in a table list view and are going to place the data into the clipboard. In this case it’s important that you selected the TAB delimiter in DRAN-VIEW, otherwise the data will not fit into MS-Excel smoothly. In version 5 of MS-Excel there’s the command Data-Text to columns to help you out if the delimiters are different, but in older Excel version its impossible to get it right if failed while pasting the data. For problems with date and time formats please read the following section about importing a DRAN-VIEW TXT-file into MS-Excel. B. You have selected File-Save As and will create a TXT-file. The following steps shows how to import the file into Microsoft Excel. 1. Select File-Open in Microsoft EXCEL If you have Microsoft Excel for Windows 3.1 (Microsoft Excel version 3 or 4) follow these steps: 1. In the file open dialog select the Text button and select the SAME delimiter that you have chosen in DRAN-VIEW and press the OK button (If using the TAB delimiter then this step may not be needed). 2. Now open up the DRAN-VIEW txt-file. If you have selected the appropriate delimiter, every data field should now have been placed in its column. The time-stamp problem: Microsoft Excel 4.0 does not understand the milliseconds information that DRAN-VIEW adds to the time-stamp. Example (US format) : 12/12/95 11.10.36.4310. This means that Excel can not plot the samples appropriate since it assumes the X-data to be string labels and not numbers. If you want Excel to treat the X values as time-stamps and not as strings you should export the data without the milliseconds information attached to it. This might be a problem if you have exported waveforms, since the milliseconds information is crucial. In this case (with string labels) Excel will plot the samples with the same distance between each sample. To give the time-stamp column (column A ) the desired format, use Format-Number from the main menu and select Date with the pattern “mm/dd/yy hh.mm.ss”. If this pattern is not available you can type it in. Note: For countries using other date/time formats then English(American) the pattern might differ. Also the characters representing hours/minutes etc. might differ if you have an Excel version other then English. Excel may also have problems when using another Windows language setup then the current localized Excel version. 128 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 If you have Microsoft Excel version 5, 7 or newer follow these steps: Microsoft Excel version 5 and newer will handle milliseconds in most cases. There might be problems however when mixing localized versions of MS-Excel with the current Windows settings. Example : MS-Windows control panel country settings = Sweden and using Swedish Microsoft Excel will work fine with milliseconds. But if changing the country settings to English(American) MS-Excel will fail to understand that the timestamp is a date/time field. • Open the txt-file and Excel will run the “Text Import Wizard”. First press the Next>> button (this will take you to page 2 of 3) If you have selected TAB as delimiter then page 1 of the wizard does not have to be modified. Press the Next>> button. (this will take you to page 3 of 3) Select Date for column A (already marked) in the radio group labeled Column data format. Press the Finish-button • In the sheet, mark the entire column A and all its data and select Format-Cells • In the Number tab select category “Date” and select mm/dd/yy hh.mm or equivalent. Press the OK button and look at column A (you may have to make it wider since it might only show #####) If the date format of column A now has changed according to the date pattern you have selected then everything is all right. If the date strings are unchanged then the milliseconds information is not understood by MS-Excel and you may have to re-export it from DRAN-VIEW without milliseconds. • To view milliseconds in the sheet you have to Format cells using the Custom category and then write “mm/dd/yy hh.mm.ss.000” as pattern for the date. 11.5. How do I get the chart into other applications, such as MS Word ? • Select the chart you want to insert by clicking on it. • Use the Edit-Copy command. • Go to your application and use the Edit-Paste command. If using MS-Word or MS-Wordpad, use the Edit-Paste Special command to get full graphics. See detailed information below. Detailed information: Charts are copied onto the clipboard in two picture formats, ONE 650x480 pixel bitmap and ONE vectored and scaleable metafile picture. Additionally, a text format is used if the view only contains text. When pasting into MS-Word you can use the command ‘Edit-Paste Special’ to select what kind of picture you like to embed into the document. 129 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 11.6. I got an error message. What does it mean ? This is a summary of DRAN-VIEW error messages: Metafile problems The following error messages may appear if there is a problem displaying or printing a Windows Meta File (*.WMF) in the header of the page. The solution for these errors is to create a “better” WMF LOGOTYPE file, or convert it to a BITMAP (*.BMP)-file instead. “MetaFile Error #1” “MetaFile Error #2” “MetaFile Error #3” “Unable to read placeable header” “Unable to read metafile header” “Unable to allocate memory for metafile bits” “Unable to lock memory for metafile bits” “Unable to read metafile bits” Resource problems (should apply to Windows 3.x only) : Solution for these problems is to shut down other applications to gain more free resources. There are always more resources available when the computer is freshly restarted. “Could not create memory DC” “Failed to create memory DC” “Low on resources.” Disk space problems Solution: Free more disk space. "Unexpected end of TIMEPLOT file" "Out of memory, ASCII-Export" "Disk is full" "Invalid destination" "FATAL ERROR : Out of disk space" (Reported while converting database file) Other disk problems The Windows TEMP directory has not been found or data conversion has failed prior to this message. You should check that “SET TEMP=” is set in AUTOEXEC.BAT. "Temporary files not found !" 130 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 Memory problems: Solution for these errors is to add more RAM to the PC or to increase the size of the Virtual memory file (Windows swap-file). In Win95 this is done automatically until out of disk space. In Win 3.x you must change the size of the swap file in the Control Panel using the 386 Enhanced settings. "Memory allocation error in XARR[]" Before showing any curves in the chart an memory array is used to calculate the X-coordinates for each timestamp-entry. This error is reported if not enough memory is available for this array. The size of the array is 2*number of samples. Specially when viewing ALL waveform events in the same chart the size of the array may grow big. “Failed to create bitmap” Not enough memory to create the LOGOTYPE bitmap for print header. "Failed to allocate GLOBAL memory" Allocating memory for curve entries (data-channels) in the chart has failed. The following memory error messages may be reported when converting instrument databases: "No CDranViewData specified" "ERROR : OUT OF MEMORY for RMS time stamps" "ERROR : OUT OF MEMORY for RMS data" "ERROR : OUT OF MEMORY for Event table" "ERROR : OUT OF MEMORY for DETAIL data" "ERROR : OUT OF MEMORY for Waveform X-data" "ERROR : OUT OF MEMORY for Waveform Y-data" "Memory Re-allocation error C658WaveArray" “Memory Allocation error C658WaveArray" “Memory allocation error" "Memory allocation error, details" “Failed alloc" Axis drawing problems The axis min value is greater then the max value. "Invalid settings in axis range (min >= max) !" These problems may be reported (but they should not) if the program fails to create the chart axis. Reason for this problem is hard to know in runtime. "Error #3:Counts=0" "Error #4:Parts=0" "Error #5:Counts=0" "Error #6:Parts=0" "Error #5:Counts=0" "Error #6:Parts=0" Printing problems: Solution: Printer driver is not correct installed "Error : NULL Pointer from MFC" Instrument data conversion problems due to invalid input data: 131 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide Generic: "No archive specified" "ERROR: Conversion failed !" "Failed tracking RMS time stamps" 658 Related: "Error reading track !" "Error while creating temporary file" "Error reading diskette format !" "Invalid diskette version !" "Invalid events on diskette !" 11.7. How do I reset everything to factory defaults ? Run the Tools-Options-Restore settings command from the main menu, and follow the instructions. 132 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 11.8. What kind of Dranetz/TASKCard 8000 files can be read ? 11.8.1. Introduction The converter reads textual reports created by Dranetz-808, Dranetz 8000, Dranetz 8000-2 and TASKCard 8000 assuming the file are in formats described in this document. In order for the software to operate, the following component files must reside in the same directory as DRAN-VIEW: IMP8000.DLL and 8000.DRA The following table shows the supported file types: Instrument Name Extension Dranetz 8000, 8000-2, ALL CHANNELS ALL *.21 TASKCard 8000 PARAMETERS Dranetz 8000, 8000-2, USER REPORT (*) *.28 TASKCard 8000 Dranetz 8000-2, TaskCard 8000 HARMONIC TEXT REPORT *.29b Dranetz 8000, 8000-2, MIXED REPORTS *.txt TASKCard 8000 Dranetz 808 TEXT REPORTS *.txt Note: (*) The USER REPORT must always be programmed a certain way for DRAN-VIEW to understand it. DRAN-VIEW will try to combine one ALL CHANNELS ALL PARAMETERS (*.21) report file and one HARMONIC (*.29b) or USER REPORT (*.28), if the files are located in the very same folder. Example: C:\FILE.21 and C:\FILE.28 or C:\FILE.21 and C:\FILE.29B It does not matter if the 21 or the 28/29b are opened, the complement file will go along with it into DRAN-VIEW. In case when having a 8000 MIXED (.TXT) file, both types of reports can be represented within the same file. In case when having a Dranetz 808 TEXT (.TXT) file, the data will be loaded into DRAN- VIEW and populate only some of the parameters of a normal ALL CHANNELS ALL PARAMETERS (*.21). The following picture describes how DRAN-VIEW reads the files: 133 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide File.28 or File.29B File.21 File.txt (user report or (summary report) (mixed report) harmonic report) Import Import DRAN-VIEW DRAN-VIEW File File 11.8.2. Power calculations Since the 29B report can contain Watt Harmonics information DRAN-VIEW is prepared to show such information. In cases when Harmonic Volts and Harmonic Amps both are present for a particular channel, DRAN-VIEW will prompt if it should try to calculate the Watt Harmonics by itself outgoing from the Amps and Volts data. This calculation works, but not with the same accuracy as the Watt reports created by the instrument. Use this feature as may fit.?? 11.8.3. File formats This section describes the formats of the report files which DRAN-VIEW supports. Remember that the files are TEXT-files and therefore can be analyzed using a word processor to verify that they are of the correct format. Other formats then those specified in this section may or may not work. An unsupported file format may cause the application to crash. 134 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 ALL CHANNELS ALL PARAMETERS (*.21) DRANETZ PP1-8000 123456 11:34:37 Feb-21-95 ALL CHANNELS SUMMARY REPORT f= 50.01hz (A ) ==A== ==B== ==C== ==D== ==ABC= V 224.5 224.8 224.9 0.014 224.7 I 52.67 51.66 44.94 0.000 149.3 W 11.23k 10.93k 9.154k 0.000 31.31k PF 0.950 0.941 0.906 0.000 0.935 VA 11.82k 11.61k 10.11k 0.000 33.50k VAR 3.691k 3.929k 4.288k 0.000 11.91k VCF 1.413 1.412 1.409 3.235 ICF 1.539 1.463 1.668 0.000 Vthd 0.828 0.662 1.041 0.000 Ithd 5.051 3.823 11.65 0.000 Vtif 1.758k 1.397k 3.253k 0.000 Itif 2.304k 2.166k 4.341k 0.000 TDF 0.993 0.995 0.967 1.000 DPF 0.946 0.938 0.906 0.000 PH V 388.8 389.3 388.7 0 PRESENT DEMAND: 31.31kW PROJ. DEMAND: 31.31kW ACCUM ENERGY: 1.127kWHR This report contains a few dialects. 1. The “I” label is sometimes by called “Iline” 2. The complete line containing information about PH V is optional. 3. The phase information is sometimes called (A-C) instead of (A ) etc. This report type requires programming of the instrument in order to produce 135 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide USER REPORT (*.28) The USER REPORT must be programmed to produce THD and 25 harmonics according to the example below. The standard 29B format is always preferred before 28. If however using the 28 format, verify with a word processor that the report format is according to the following example. Any other format may produce unpredictable results. DRANETZ MODEL 8000 DRANETZ MODEL 8000 Jan-08-92 16:37:21 USER REPORT: A Report A title CHAN PARA HARM VALUE A Vthd 1.883 A V FND 223.0 A V H03 3.674 A V H05 0.852 A V H07 1.118 A V H09 1.384 A V H11 0.373 A V H13 0.266 A V H15 0.106 A V H17 0.053 A V H19 0.000 A V H21 0.000 A V H23 0.000 A V H25 0.000 A Ithd 33.21 A I FND 10.87 A I H03 2.174 A I H05 1.812 A I H07 1.530 A I H09 1.167 A I H11 0.805 A I H13 0.503 A I H15 0.302 A I H17 0.221 A I H19 0.262 A I H21 0.262 A I H23 0.242 A I H25 0.181 136 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 HARMONICS REPORT (29B) These reports can either be Volts, Amps or Watt Harmonics. The example shows a case with a voltage channel, but a current or watts channel would look very similar. The LOAD/SOURCE direction information is optional. This is the header for a Watt harmonic report: DRANETZ 8000 KONTOR 11:07:16 Dec-22-93 HARMONICS:CHANNEL A REFERENCE = 1.282k W, 50.0 Hz %FUND HARMONIC# MAGNITUDE% PHASE DIRECTION This is the header for an Amps harmonic report: DRANETZ 8000 KONTOR 11:07:16 Dec-22-93 HARMONICS:CHANNEL A REFERENCE = 6.352 A, 50.0 Hz %FUND Ithd 17.46 % HARMONIC# MAGNITUDE% PHASE DIRECTION This is a complete example of a Voltage harmonic report: DRANETZ 8000 KONTOR 11:07:16 Dec-22-93 HARMONICS:CHANNEL A REFERENCE = 226.5 V, 50.0 Hz %FUND Vthd 1.654 % HARMONIC# MAGNITUDE% PHASE DIRECTION 02 0.047 000 LOAD 03 1.081 331 LOAD 04 0.024 066 LOAD 05 1.011 131 SOURCE 06 0.000 000 LOAD 07 0.423 094 SOURCE 08 0.000 000 LOAD 09 0.564 162 SOURCE 10 0.000 000 LOAD 11 0.165 189 SOURCE 12 0.024 157 SOURCE 13 0.094 229 SOURCE 14 0.000 000 LOAD 15 0.071 251 SOURCE 16 0.000 000 LOAD 17 0.024 302 LOAD 18 0.000 000 LOAD 19 0.024 324 LOAD 20 0.000 000 LOAD 21 0.024 329 LOAD 22 0.000 000 LOAD 23 0.000 000 LOAD 24 0.000 000 LOAD 25 0.000 000 LOAD 26 0.000 000 LOAD 27 0.000 000 LOAD 28 0.000 000 LOAD 29 0.000 000 LOAD 30 0.000 000 LOAD 137 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 31 0.000 000 LOAD 32 0.000 000 LOAD 33 0.000 000 LOAD 34 0.000 000 LOAD 35 0.000 000 LOAD 36 0.000 000 LOAD 37 0.000 000 LOAD 38 0.000 000 LOAD 39 0.000 000 LOAD 40 0.000 000 LOAD 41 0.000 000 LOAD 42 0.000 000 LOAD 43 0.000 000 LOAD 44 0.000 000 LOAD 45 0.000 000 LOAD 46 0.000 000 LOAD 47 0.000 000 LOAD 48 0.000 000 LOAD 49 0.000 000 LOAD 50 0.000 000 LOAD MIXED 8000 REPORTS (TXT) The above described reports can reside in a combined file (TXT) where blocks of ALL CHANNELS ALL PARAMETERS blocks are nested with USER REPORT data. This is supported by DRAN-VIEW assuming each block confirms to the formats specified in the previous sections. DRANETZ 808 TEXT (TXT) The Dranetz 808 instrument is supported roughly by populating some of the parameters in a normal 8000 ALL CHANNELS ALL PARAMETERS block of data. The reader is triggered on the label #Dm in the files. Thereafter the following block should be present in order for the software to operate properly. The file could contain optional other information but any such information is ignored. #Dm 325.6KW .82PF 17-Mar-86 09:59:34 Status 17-Mar-86 09:59:34 A 221.1 V B 220.5 V C 221.0 V A 641.6 A B 650.5 A C 632.6 A A 114.2 KW B 123.9 KW C 107.9 KW T 346.1 KW A 84.17 KVAR 138 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide 8-2000 B 72.29 KVAR C 88.93 KVAR T 245.4 KVAR A .81 PF B .86 PF C .77 PF T .82 PF 139 DRAN-VIEW User’s Guide