D ranetz-BMI 3100 PQNode/EPRI PQPage r ® ® PQNode/EPRI PQPager 3100 Technical Brief You can retrieve disturbances via the flow and current monitoring, simply 3100 PQPager Overview PQPager’s built-in voice-mail-like unplug your 3100 and install a 7100 interface, or by having them sent directly Your 3100 PQPager monitors electric PQNode, an easy upgrade path. You can even upgrade all the way to a top-of-the- power quality on single-phase and three- to your alphanumeric pager, or by having them sent to your PC for later analysis. phase circuits. When it sees a disturbance, line 9010 PQNode, with up to 16 channels You can even arrange for PQPager it captures the signature. If you want, you of monitoring power. disturbances to be displayed directly on a can set up your PQPager to telephone you Rugged instrument Web site. every time it sees a disturbance, or you Your PQPager comes with 4 standard can have it page you (and up to three of NiCad rechargeable size “AA” batteries your colleagues). Or you can check your which protect against sags and PQPager occasionally, just like you check interruptions. The batteries are your voice-mail messages. automatically charged whenever the instrument is operating. Extensive, sophisticated surge protection against lightning strikes and similar problems is built in, including energy storage air-core inductors which reduce the chances of a fuse blowing during high energy MOV Fig. 1 Your 3100 can send power quality data Fig. 2 You connect your 3100 directly to operations. A 600-volt, sand-filled KTK to your PC, or you can retrieve events from three-phase voltages up to 600 volts. Indoors any telephone through its voice-mail-like or outdoors -- all you need is a phone line. interface. Or your 3100 can send messages directly to pagers. Easy to install Easy to use You connect your PQPager directly to You can use any standard TouchTone three-phase voltage (up to 600 Vrms telephone to set up your PQPager. The process is similar to setting up your voice- nominal), or to potential transformers for higher voltages. And you plug in a mail. Or, for more sophisticated setup, you can use any IBM/PC running Dranetz- standard telephone line. That’s it. In its NEMA 4X enclosure, and with its built-in BMI PES software. Fig. 3 A Screw terminals for instrument power; B Screw terminals for 3-phase voltages; heater, the inexpensive PQPager is happy Some common 3100 applications C indicator lights; D Alarm contact inputs; E indoors or outside. Built-in rechargeable • Utility key account programs phone line RJ11 jack; F Batteries; G Surge batteries protect your 3100 from power • Hospitals protection • Semiconductor plants interruptions. • Substations fuse protects the high-voltage power • Broadcast studios Easy to upgrade supply. And the telephone line has • Food processing plants If your 3100 ever requires upgraded extensive protection, including a 3- • Airports • Automated manufacturing plants firmware, the factory can load it over the terminal gas discharge tube, its own set • Small data centers... telephone – there’s no need to remove of varistors, inductors, and filtering your 3100 from the field. And when you’re capacitors. You can install your PQPager Table 1 The inexpensive, widely-used 3100 is U.L. listed, FCC certified, CE marked, ISO-9001 ready to upgrade to a more sophisticated outside, even in the coldest climates, and Y2K compliant. monitor that includes features like power because it is equipped with an intelligent page 1 3100 PQNode/EPRI PQPager Technical Brief Instrument Power For instrument power, you will need a nominal single-phase source between 120 VAC-480 VAC, 50/60 Hz, with appropriate protection (fuse or circuit breaker). Your 3100 will actually operate properly from 90 Standard power types Single-phase Three-phase delta Split-single-phase Three-phase wye Table 3 You can set your 3100 PQPager to monitor any standard single- or three-phase voltage, from 50 Vrms to 600 Vrms. Three-phase delta is monitored from phase-to-phase; others are monitored from phase-to-neutral. VAC to 600 VAC. Connect power using 16 AWG - 10AWG conductors with proper insulation rating. Connect the earth terminal Fig. 4 Installing your 3100 is quick and easy. Mount the NEMA-4X enclosure securely; connect instrument first, then connect the “L1 or N” terminal. power and monitoring voltages; and plug in a phone line. That’s all there is to it! Connect either the L2L terminal or the L2H terminal. By installing your own jumpers, heater. The heater evaluates available power, that is about twice the size of the 3100 so you can take instrument power from one of ambient temperature, battery operation, and you can easily upgrade to a 7100 PQNode the signal phases. There’s no need for internal temperature, allowing operation later. down to –40 degrees. Installing your PQPager To install your 3100 PQPager, you will need a location to mount the instrument, a single- phase source of AC power for the instrument, connections to the single-phase or three- phase voltages you want to monitor, and a Fig. 7 Plug in a standard telephone line to your 3100 PQPager. It’s helpful to have a standard standard phone line. Standard wiring tools Fig. 5 Connect single-phase instrument power telephone plugged into the same line, too. are needed. Your 3100 PQPager enclosure to the screw terminals. You can jumper power from the 3-phase voltage terminals, too. comes pre-punched with standard conduit separate instrument power. openings; use gasketed conduit connectors Signals to maintain your 3100’s NEMA-4X rating. Your 3100 PQPager can monitor single- Choosing a location phase voltage (2-wire), split single-phase In general, choose any location where power (3-wire), three-phase “Y” voltages (4-wire), and a telephone line are available. Indoor and three-phase “delta” voltages (3-wire). and outdoor locations are acceptable. You The nominal voltage can range from 50 Vrms may want to leave room for an instrument or lower, up to 600 Vrms. Connect signals using 16 AWG – 10 AWG conductors, again Nominal voltage Terminal with proper insulation rating. The signal 120,208, 240 VAC L2L wires may need to be connected to more than 277, 480 VAC L2H Fig. 6 Connect single-phase or three-phase one screw terminal. For example, on 3- Table 2 The 3100 PQPager accepts a variety of voltage to the voltage sensing screw terminals. phase 4-wire systems, the neutral signal must single-phase, 50/60 Hz power for instrument ; These are the terminals that your 3100 PQPager separate 3-phase sensing terminals accept up to be connected to three of the six screw watches for disturbances. 600 Vrms. page 2 3100 PQNode/EPRI PQPager Technical Brief terminals. Use short jumper wires with gasketed to maintain the NEMA-4X rating. LED shows the status of the instrument. You properly rated insulation. can test the phone line by calling your 3100 Cable routing PQPager – the Ringing LED will light each Phone line Route the telephone cable, and alarm contact time the phone rings; the Call In Progress Plug a standard telephone line into the wiring if used, through separate conduit from LED will light when your 3100 PQPager connector marked “phone line”. You may the power wiring. answers the phone. The Event LED turns on want to plug a simple telephone into this line Using the indicator lights whenever your 3100 PQPager has an event as well, just to make sure the line is Each 3100 PQPager has five indicator LED’s stored in its memory. And if either (or both) functioning properly. that help you during installation. The Power of the alarm contact inputs are active, the Sharing a telephone line Alarm Contact LED will light. Your 3100 PQPager has a patented feature that allows it to share a telephone line with Measurements other users, such as security guards. Just Ranges and sampling make sure that both telephones ring when Your 3100 samples the voltage on each of the number is dialed; you can set your its three channels 32 times per power line PQPager to answer after several rings, and cycle. For 50 Hz power lines, there are 625 you can set it to pick up its extension when Fig 9 Indicator lights help diagnose microseconds between samples; for 60 Hz you dial a special “pick up” code when you installation problems power lines, there are 520.8 microseconds are connected to the other user. between samples. Your 3100 is equipped Power LED Meaning Cellular telephone lines with two voltage ranges: ±1000 Vpk Off................. No instrument In general, the 3100’s voice-mail interface power (recommended for nominal voltages above will work with any cellular telephone that Heartbeat...... Normal operation 130 Vrms) and ±250 Vpk (for greater provides a standard RJ11 type phone line. Flashing......... Power up accuracy at nominal voltages below 130 initialization To use the 3100’s PES or alphanumeric Vrms). You can choose the correct line Twinkling....... Operating from interface on a cellular phone line, a special battery frequency and voltage range through the cellular modem may be required. Consult Double-beat... Calibrating telephone voice-mail-like interface, or with Dranetz-BMI Technical Support. PES software. By default, your 3100 uses its Table 4 The Power LED tells you the status of your 3100 PQPager. Safe installation ±1000 Vpk range, which provides valid Your 3100 PQPager must be mounted securely to a sturdy surface. The earth connection must be made according to standard practices. Wiring to your 3100 PQPager should be enclosed in conduit, and your 3100 PQPager should not be exposed to direct water spray, corrosives, or explosive atmospheres. There are no air openings in the 3100 PQPager, so dust is generally not a problem. Conduit connections should be Fig 8 To verify installation without using a phone line, plug in a standard telephone handset Fig 10 The 3100 PQPager measures true RMS voltage on a cycle-by-cycle basis, eliminating concerns about and press the “test” button harmonic distortion accuracy effects. PES software provides remote, real-time meters and oscilloscopes. page 3 3100 PQNode/EPRI PQPager Technical Brief 4, or even 8 cycles; you can set your 3100 large motors. readings for all accepted voltages. to use these intervals using PES software. Turning channels on and off With the longer averaging intervals, your “Per Unit” vs. “Volts” By default, your 3100 monitors all three 3100 will present correspondingly longer By default, your 3100 will present its differential voltage channels (the six screw readings in volts: the voice-mail-like interface will say “two hundred forty-five point seven volts”, your pager will show “245.7Vrms”, and your PES graphs will have volts on the vertical axis. However, using PES, you can choose to set your 3100 to recognize a nominal value (for example, 230 volts), and report all voltages as a percent of this nominal voltage: the voice-mail-like interface would say “one hundred and six point eight percent”, your pager would show “106.8%”, and your PES graphs would have percent on the vertical axis. This can be useful when your 3100 is monitoring the secondary of a high-voltage potential transformer, for example. For this purpose, your 3100 will accept nominal voltages from Fig 11 At substations, 3100 PQPagers are often used to monitor the secondary of high-voltage potential 1.0 to 700.0 Vrms. transformers. The 3100’s “per unit” feature makes this easy and convenient. RMS sag and swell signature graphs which Sags and swells terminals marked “Voltage sensing”). can be useful in some circumstances, such Your 3100 detects RMS sags (dips) and However, if you choose not to use all three as analyzing starting sags caused by very swells on a cycle-by-cycle basis. A sag will channels, you can turn individual channels be detected whenever one of the monitored off by specifying single-phase operation in phase voltages drops below a threshold that the voice-mail-like interface, or by turning you set. Acceptable thresholds range from them off with PES software. 1.0 Vrms to 693.0 Vrms. The default threshold is 100.0 Vrms. A swell will be Your 3100 correctly distinguishes between detected whenever one of the monitored phase-to-phase voltages and phase-to- phases rises above a threshold that you set. neutral voltages. It will properly report Acceptable swell thresholds range from 6.0 “Phase A-B” voltage on 3-phase-delta Vrms to 700.0 Vrms. The default threshold systems, and “Phase A-N” voltage on 3- Fig 12 A typical sag retrieved through your is 130.0 Vrms. phase-wye and single-phase systems. 3100’s voice-mail-like interface. Your 3100 has a built-in speech syntehsizer that describes power quality events. True RMS meters Unlike most inexpensive monitors, your 3100 calculates the true RMS voltage by squaring each sample, summing the squares over an integer number of cycles, and calculating the square root of the average. Regardless of distortion, your 3100 always presents the correct RMS value. RMS “cycles to average” Fig 13 The same sag reported by your 3100 to an Fig 14 You can examine even more detail with alphanumeric pager. Up to 4 different pagers can By default, your 3100 calculates the RMS PES software. Exporting graphs and data to other be notified; you can control the level of detail value on a cycle-by-cycle basis. Some utilities applications like Microsoft Word (for reports) or sent to each pager. prefer to calculate the RMS voltage over 2, Microsoft Excel (for further analysis) is easy. page 4 3100 PQNode/EPRI PQPager Technical Brief Hysteresis amount for longer than a threshold interval, batteries. To avoid constant triggering when the voltage a transient is detected. You can set both the is precisely at a threshold, your 3100 uses threshold amount and the threshold interval Power restored hysteresis, or snap-action. By default, there in PES software. The default values are 8% Once an interruption has been recorded, is 3.0 Vrms of hysteresis applied to both the of full scale for longer than 1/8 of a cycle. your 3100 arms itself for a power restored sag and swell thresholds. You can set (You can find more information about this event. You can set a separate power restored hysteresis to any value between 1.0 and 40.0 triggering algorithm in U.S. Patent threshold, which must be at least 5 volts Vrms. 4,694,402.) higher than your interruption threshold. You can also set a minimum duration that must Sag and swell duration Interruptions be met for a power restored event. The Sags and swells begin when any phase falls You can set a separate voltage interruption acceptable power restored thresholds are outside the threshold, and end when all threshold in your 3100. The acceptable 6.0 Vrms – 700.0 Vrms, and the default phases are within the threshold (plus range is 1.0 – 693.0 Vrms, and the default restored threshold is 105 Vrms. The default hysteresis). Your 3100 tracks the duration value is 85.0 volts. You also set a minimum minimum restored duration is 5 seconds. of sags and swells, and reports it in several duration to trigger an interruption; by different ways. If the duration was less than default, this is 5 seconds. So an interruption Power interruption duration 1 second, it is reported in cycles (e.g. the is reported, by default, if the voltage on an Durations less than 10 minutes are reported voice-mail-like interface will report “Voltage sag. Minimum voltage ninety five point six Fig 15 Your 3100 detects and captures transients, like this power factor correction transient. volts, duration forty-two cycles.”). If the duration is between 1 second and 60 seconds, it is reported in seconds. If it is longer than 60 seconds, it is reported as “longer than 60 seconds”. (For these longer events, PES software can report the actual duration in hours, minutes, and seconds.). Transients Fig 16 RMS strip charts accurately show the minimum, average, and maximum voltage on a cyclye-by- Your 3100 detects and graphs the waveforms cycle basis. Gaps in the data, caused by power loss, are accurately represented. A patented compression of IEEE-1159 category 1.2.1 transients (low technique preserves all data, regardless of how long the strip chart continues. frequency), such as power factor correction in seconds. Duration between 10 minutes capacitor switching transients (figures 14, phase drops below 85.0 Vrms and stays there and 10 hours are reported in minutes. On 15). In theory, transients as short as 521 for at least 5 seconds; otherwise, a voltage power interruptions that endure longer than microseconds can be detected, but in sag will be reported. 10 hours, the duration is not reported, but practice 1 millisecond is the shortest the interruption and restored events are practical transient. Your 3100 detects Note that these thresholds apply to the six properly logged. transients with the standard floating window measuring screw terminals, not to the algorithm, by comparing each point on each instrument’s power screw terminals, which Waveform snapshots: THD, harmonics cycle with the same point on the previous are backed up by the rechargeable NiCad Using PES software, you can instruct your cycle. If the points differ by a threshold page 5 3100 PQNode/EPRI PQPager Technical Brief 3100 to take a waveform snapshot at regular – there’s no need to remove the instrument by requesting a test call. intervals. You specify the interval between from its monitoring location. Calibration snapshots in minutes. PES can use these resolution is approximately 0.05 Vrms. Scope mode snapshots to calculate THD, individual PES software allows you to connect a real- harmonics, and even THD and harmonic time software oscilloscope (Figure 25), over PQPager battery your telephone connection, to all three voltage channels. The trace is triggered on management the positive-going zero-crossing on phase A, Battery charging and is updated approximately every 4 Your 3100 automatically charges its batteries seconds. whenever power is available. You don’t have to make any settings or choose any Real-time vector scope thresholds; your 3100 takes care of You can also connect a PES real-time everything. It takes approximately 20 hours software vector scope, over your telephone, to recharge batteries that have been to determine the phase and amplitude completely discharged. A trickle charge is relationship between the voltages. provided to the batteries to maintain them in top condition. Harmonics and spectrum analyzer PES software also provides a real-time Choosing your UPS duration spectrum analyzer, over your telephone Although the batteries will support your 3100 connection, to examine harmonics. You can for at least 15 minutes when fully charged, set the display to “percent of fundamental”, you can set the UPS (battery) duration from “Percent of rms”, or “volts”. The harmonics 500 milliseconds to 5 minutes. The default Fig 17 It’s easy to replace your 3100’s rechargeable batteries. Pull firmly on the red is 5 minutes. This feature ensures that your ribbon to release the batteries; replace them 3100 will not completely drain its battery at with standard size AA NiCad cells. Replace the first power interruption it detects (power annually or biannually. interruptions often come in series). After trends. the first, and second, power interruption, your 3100 will still have enough battery RMS strip charts capacity to handle a third interruption, even Your 3100 maintains sophisticated RMS strip without any recharging. charts (Fig. 16). For each of the three voltage channels, the minimum, average, and When the PQPager overrides your maximum voltage on a cycle-by-cycle basis choice Fig 18 The Lithium coin cell supports your is recorded every minute (or every 10 Under certain circumstances, your 3100 will 3100’s clock/calendar even when the other minutes, if you choose). A special algorithm, batteries are discharged. It should be renewed override your choice of UPS duration. For every two to three years. described below, manages the available example, if it has not yet completed the memory to make sure that data is properly are displayed up through the 15th harmonic, phone calls that you have specified, it will recorded. You will always know the lowest and are updated approximately every 4 extend its UPS time to complete its calls. Or voltage single cycle, the highest voltage single seconds. PES can also plot THD or an if it detects that its batteries have completely cycle, and the average of all the cycles during individual harmonic over the course of a day, discharged, it may shorten its UPS time. In each interval. week, or month, using waveform snapshots general, it will follow the UPS time you have periodically recorded by your 3100. chosen. Real-time meters You can examine the true RMS voltage on Calibration Self-testing the batteries each channel, in real time, using PES Your 3100 is digitally calibrated for gain and Batteries are chemical devices, and are software (Fig. 10). You can also hear the offset on all channels and ranges. There are therefore the weak link in your 3100. Your voltages through the voice-mail-like interface no trim pots or other mechanical 3100 has a built-in testing load for checking by asking for instrument status. You can have adjustments. If it is required, calibration its batteries under load. The difference the voltages sent to your alphanumeric pager constants can be adjusted over the telephone between “unloaded” battery voltage and page 6 3100 PQNode/EPRI PQPager Technical Brief “loaded” battery voltage tells you the state PM) or 24-hour format (13:42). Your of your batteries. (The absolute voltage tells choice affects the messages on alphanumeric you more about the temperature of your pagers and the voice-mail-like interface. batteries than anything else, although if it is very high, one or more of the batteries is Using the “Alarm” contact missing or open.) closure inputs Replacing the batteries In addition to monitoring power quality, your You should replace the batteries in your 3100 also monitors two switch contacts. You Fig 19 Connect an inexpensive thermostat to 3100 periodically. The interval – typically your 3100’s alarm contact screw terminals, and can connect any normally-open or normally- it will page you when the temperature gets too annually or bi-annually – depends on the closed switch here: a thermostat, a high (or too low). Use a heater thermostat for low normal operating temperature of your 3100. push-button, a relay contact, a float switch, temperature alarms, or a cooling thermostat for High temperatures shorten battery life. high-temperature alarms. Any N.O. or N.C. switch etc. Using PES software, you tell your 3100 will work; connect it with a pair of 24AWG - Replace the batteries with standard, widely- which transition is important: open-to- 18AWG wires. available AA-size NiCad cells. Do not use closed, or closed-to-open, and your 3100 alkaline, lithium, or other types of batteries. will record (and page you) whenever an Your 3100 does not monitor the switch important transition occurs. contacts while telephone calls are in progress. PQPager clock/calendar These switch contacts have been used for a Your PQPager tracks the date and time with “Power Quality Panic Button”, a refrigerated an internal clock/calendar chip. This chip Data storage warehouse overtemperature thermostat, a receives its power from a coin-cell Lithium Flash memory flooding detector, a low fuel alarm on a diesel battery, making it immune to discharges in All data (setup, events, programs) is stored UPS, an door-open security switch, and many the main NiCad batteries. This battery in semiconductor flash memory, a type of other uses. typically lasts for at least three years, and can memory that retains its values without power. be easily replaced by the user. High In other words, no batteries are required to Whenever one (or both) of the alarm temeperatures, and extended periods retain data. To avoid repeated and contacts is active, the red “Alarm” LED will without power, may shorten this battery’s life. unnecessary erasing of the flash memory, light. To avoid nuisance triggers, you can The clock-calendar chip operates from AC which reduces its useful life, your 3100 has set a minimum duration that the contacts power when it is available, then from the been programmed to limit alarm contacts, must be closed or open (range 0.1 seconds NiCad batteries during UPS operation, sags, swells, and transients to no more than to 25.0 seconds, default value 0.5 seconds). turning to the Lithium battery only when there is no other power available. If this Lithium battery fails, your 3100 will fall back to its default time and date: Weds. Jan 1, 1997 1:00 PM. Replace the Lithium battery. Your 3100 is fully Year 2000 compliant, and handles leap-years properly. “Daylight savings time” and other annual adjustments must be performed manually, either with the voice-mail-like interface or through PES software. You can set your 3100 to report dates in the European format (12 October) or American format (October 12), and you can set your Fig 20 At hospitals, PQPagers are used to monitor utility power, backup power, power for sensitive loads 3100 to report times in 12-hour format (1:42 like blood analyzers and ultrasound scanners, and power near potentially disrupting loads like CAT scanners and MRI systems. page 7 3100 PQNode/EPRI PQPager Technical Brief 100 per day each. This guarantees flash memory life of at least 20 years. Event memory By default, your 3100 records graphs for all channels and every event, including pre- trigger and post-trigger data; it also records text information (minimum and maximum values, durations, triggering channel, date, time, etc.) for every event. You can use PES, if you want, to limit your 3100 to recording text only for each type of event. Some types of events, such as alarm contacts, don’t have associated graphs. To calculate the number of events that can Fig 21 At semiconductor plants, PQPagers monitor utility power, and power for sensitive loads like be stored, add up the storage units in Table automated test systems, vapor deposition systems, and inductive furnace controls. 5 for the events.Your 3100 has 100 storage units available. This is more than enough this value, your 3100 tracks the total number Gaps in a strip chart memory for 10 sags, 15 transients, a couple of minutes that it has been recording data, Unlike many other inexpensive instruments, and the total number of “good” minutes – your 3100 accurately keeps track of intervals Memory space requirements ones in which there were no sags, during which it lacks data. There are three Event type Text Graph interruptions, or swells. Your 3100 does not reasons a gap may occur in a strip chart. Sags and swells 0.3 units 5.0 units Transients 0.3 units 2.4 units include in its calculations those minutes in First, the instrument power may have been Snapshots 0.3 units 2.4 units which there was no power available for the removed for longer than the UPS time. Interruptions 0.3 units — instrument. Power restored 0.3 units — Second, continuous telephone Alarm contact 0.3 units — communication may have continued for Test call 0.3 units — Buffering and memory management longer than 30 strip chart points, the Power quality events can arrive at maximum buffer size. Or third, the clock or Table 5 Your 3100 has 100 units of storage unexpected times. Your 3100 maintains calendar may have been set to a new time or available for events. You can turn graphs on and several layers of buffering, on each of its two off with PES software. At a typical site, more than date, leaving a gap of time where no data a month of events can be stored. processors, to ensure that rapid series of was recorded. events are captured correctly. Your 3100 of interruptions, and a few snapshots – at a also keeps careful track of the number of Discarding “old” events typical site, plenty of storage for a month. seconds each event has been waiting in Using PES software, you can instruct your various buffers, and reports these correction 3100 to implement one of two different Strip chart duration factors to PES. (These correction factors are strategies when its event memory fills up. Strip charts (Figure16) contain the not used in the voice-mail-like interface and You can tell it to keep the oldest events. Or minimum, average, and maximum RMS for alphanumeric pagers, so the time you can tell it to keep the newest events. By voltage, on a cycle-by-cycle basis, so you can reported for an event may be delayed by a default, it keeps the newest events. When its always see the lowest, highest, and average few seconds.) event memory becomes full, it erases enough voltage at every point. Each point on a strip earlier events to free up roughly half the chart initially represents 1 minute or 10 memory, then continues to record. In Voice-mail-like interface minutes (user selected). There is enough practical environments, this rarely happens. How your PQPager speaks room allocated for approximately 900 initial Your 3100 has a built-in vocabulary of points. However, your 3100 automatically Site statistics approximately 240 words and phrases, compresses strip chart data whenever it runs When you ask, your 3100 reports the percent selected for describing power quality events. out of room. No data is ever lost. For details, of time that voltage has been within the All of the vocabulary is stored, along with its see U.S. Patent 5,481,468. thresholds that you have set. To calculate index, in a single ROM chip, making it easy page 8 3100 PQNode/EPRI PQPager Technical Brief to change to a different language (e.g. You can change these passwords with PES 3100 Voice-mail-like Menu Hear the Site statistics Swedish, Spanish, Portuguese, etc.). Your software. Hear the Events 3100 assembles its spoken sentences from “New” and “Saved” events Hear new events this vocabulary chip; it also has a limited Each time you listen to an event, you’re given Hear saved events No more calls today ability to record new words and phrases for the choice of discarding it or saving it. When PQPager status each site, such as your site name. you ask to hear power quality events stored Date, time in your 3100, you’ll hear something like Range, frequency, power type RMS voltages (now) “Press 1 now.” “You have six new events, eight events total.” Battery, loaded and unloaded When your 3100 receives a phone call, it Two of the events are ones that you have Set PQPager parameters Set thresholds doesn’t know whether the call is coming from heard before. It’s just like voice mail. Set swell threshold a PC running PES software or from a person. Set sag threshold So it answers the phone and says “Press 1 Clearing your PQPager’s event memory Set interruption threshold Set interruption duration now.” PES software will ignore this Within the voicemail-like menu, you can Set restored threshold instruction, but a person will obey it; so if discard all stored data. This clears all events, Set restored duration the “1” button is pressed, your 3100 will both new and saved, from the memory, clears Telephone parameters Number of rings before answering drop into its voice-mail mode. If not, your out the accumulated strip charts, and restarts Maximum calls per day 3100 activates its modem. the accumulation of site statistics. It does Phone number of this PQPager Pager operation not, however, make any changes to your Alpha vs. numeric pager Passwords and permission 3100’s thresholds, site name, etc. Access phone number You can assign three different levels of Access code Measurement parameters password access for your 3100. “Customer Recording your site and alarm names Full-scale voltage range access” (default password “123”) allows You can record your voice saying the site 50 Hz or 60 Hz you to hear about events that have taken name and the alarm contact names, either Single-phase or three-phase Split, Delta, or Wye configuration place in the last 60 minutes. You can’t over the telephone or on the test handset Time change any settings. “Executive access” during installation. Once you have done this, Date Other options (default password “456”) allows you to hear you will hear your voice saying the site name Record the site name and delete all events, and to change basic when your 3100 answers any phone call. Record alarm names settings like the time and date. You can’t This is a useful feature when you have 3100’s Discard all stored data change thresholds. “Engineer access” at several different sites, and you’re not quite Table 6 You can control your 3100 from any (default password “789”) give you complete sure which one you have called. Typical telephone, and retrieve power quality data too, through its built-in voice-mail-like interface. control over the instrument, including alarm contact names are words like thresholds, power type, UPS duration, etc. “Thermostat” or “over temperature”. When you play an alarm contact event, you’ll hear your voice saying these words. Other voice-mail-like features To end your call, you can hang up, or you can press “#”, and your 3100 will say goodbye. To avoid receiving too many pages in one day, you can set the “maximum number of calls per day” for each 3100 to a value between 1 and 99 calls. The default value is 5 calls per day. (You can also call your 3100 and tell it to make “no more calls today”. It will immediately stop calling, then re-arm itself at midnight.) Most users begin using their 3100 through its voice-mail-like interface, then add PES Fig 22 At textile mills and other continuous process plants, PQPagers monitor utility power for sags and transients that can disrupt sensitive process control equipment. page 9 3100 PQNode/EPRI PQPager Technical Brief software control later. It’s a quick and easy way to get started. Incoming calls to your PQPager Your 3100 accepts phone calls from a variety of sources. Number of rings before answering You can set the number of times the telephone line must ring before your 3100 answers. The default is two rings; acceptable values range from 1 ring to 15 rings. Choose Fig 23 At control centers, the inexpensive 3100 PQNode is an ideal front-line power quality monitor. a larger number of rings if you are sharing a Later, you can upgrade to a 7100 PQNode to add current and power flow, or to a 9010 PQNode to expand up to 16 channels of high-speed monitoring power. phone line with a security guard, or with another device that should answer the phone phone calls when it detects an event. Each delays for 2 minutes when it detects an event, first. of these phone calls may be to an so it can determine if a higher priority event alphanumeric paging service, or to a should be the subject of the paging message. “Pick up” code for sharing the phone numeric paging service, or to a computer The priority order , from highest to lowest, line running PES. You can use any mixture, and is restored, interruption, sag/swell, transient, Your 3100 uses a patented technique for you don’t have to use all four outgoing alarm contact. The delay is automatically sharing a phone line with a human user, such channels. reduced to 75 seconds when an interruption as a security guard. When you call the shared or restored event is detected. line, the human user should answer the Limiting outgoing calls phone. Your 3100 will listen in for a Using PES, you can specify which of the four When your PQPager can’t complete a specified series of TouchTone codes, called calls are triggered by each type of event. For call the “pickup code”. By default, the series is example, you could have an alphanumeric Sometimes a call can’t be completed: there “123456789”, but you can change this series pager that receives messages about may be no dial tone, or the answering phone in PES software. When your 3100 hears this interruptions, restored, sags, swells, and may be busy, or (for alphanumeric pagers) series of tones, it will pick up its extension transients; and a second alphanumeric pager the protocol negotiation may fail. When this automatically, and you can ask the human that only receives messages about happens, your 3100 will continue to work user to hang up their extension. You’re now interruptions, restored, and alarm contact through its list of phone calls. When it connected to your 3100. #1. This can be a useful feature when you reaches the end of the list, it will go back to have customers, engineers, and account the beginning and try again. It will keep Special “reset PQPager” phone call executives sharing the same 3100. PES can repeating this process until it has tried four On rare occasions, it may be useful to reset also set limits on the number of calls per times. your 3100. You can do so by pressing the day for each of the four phone calls. The “reset” button inside the instrument. default is no more than 5 calls per day. After Dialing with pauses; pulse dialing However, it is sometimes inconvenient to go this limit has been reached, your 3100 will If your 3100 is attached to a PBX phone line, to the instrument’s location, open it, etc. So not make any more calls that day, but you it may be necessary to insert pauses in the your 3100 contains a special reset circuit can still call your 3100. outgoing phone numbers. Simply add a that counts the number of times the comma to the phone number at the point telephone rings. If the phone rings 16 times, Delays and priorities of outgoing calls where you want a 2-second pause. For your 3100 will automatically reset itself. Your 3100 recognizes that many power longer pauses, use more commas. For pulse quality events occur in rapid sequence – for dialing, insert the letter “P” before the phone example, a transient that becomes a sag that number (check with Customer Support on Outgoing calls from your becomes an interruption – and that you this feature). would not want to get paged for each of the PQPager events in such a sequence, only the most Choices about outgoing calls important one. So your 3100 intentionally Your 3100 can place up to four different page 10 3100 PQNode/EPRI PQPager Technical Brief the instantaneous RMS voltage on each Pager communication phase. Messages are limited to 79 characters Your 3100 can notify you, and others, about for TAP 1.5 and 191 characters for Minicall. power quality problems almost instantly. Number of bits and parity is already defined in each protocol. How the PQPager differs from other PES communication low-cost paging instruments Most low-cost instruments that include PES is an advanced Windows software paging features actually call a computer, which then sends out the paging message to Fig 26 In addition to waveforms and strip charts, your 3100 captures cycle-by-cycle sag and swell signaturees. Examine them with PES Fig 24 Your 3100 communicates directly to the software. Use Dranetz-BMI’s Handbook of Power modem at your pager service provider -- there’s Signatures to find the cause and solution. no master station bottleneck. Typical pager message includes site name, phone number, type of event, event worst case values, and event program provided by Dranetz-BMI. It duration. Both numeric and alphanumeric supports a variety of instruments, including pagers are supported. your 3100 PQNode, the 7100 PQNode, and the 9010/9020 PQNode. the paging service’s computer. The problem: during a system-wide event, tens or even hundreds of instruments try to call the same Fig 25 Through PES software, you can connect real-time oscilloscopes, vector scopes, and computer, creating a bottleneck. Your 3100, spectrum analyzers to your 3100. Updated every in contrast, contains the intelligence and 4 seconds, thsee displays give you instant access algorithms to communicate directly to your over a modem connection. paging service’s computer, which is whistle of a modem answering the phone. equipped to handle hundreds or thousands Your 3100 supports alphanumeric pagers of simultaneous calls. There’s no “master too; its message for each event will include station” bottleneck. the site name, phone number, a description of the problem, and problem details. Numeric pagers Fig 27 You can quickly zoom in on key 3100 Alphanumeric pager negotiation Numeric pagers show phone numbers on events with Windows-based PES software. Your 3100 supports alphanumeric paging their display. When you place a telephone services that use the TAP 1.5 and Minicall call to a numeric paging service, a recorded protocalls – the TAP 1.5 protocol is the most Advantages of using PES voice asks you to dial in your message. Your widely used. Check with your paging service Although you can use your 3100 without a 3100 supports numeric pagers; its message provider. Your 3100 will automatically computer – indeed, that is how most users is “the phone number of this PQPager.” negotiate with your paging service provider’s start out – you can greatly increase its utility computer to establish communication at by using Windows-based PES software. PES Alphanumeric pagers 2400, 1200, and 300 baud. “Power gives you control over many parameters that Alphanumeric pagers show several lines of restored” and “test” messages include the you can’t control easily with the voice-mail- text. When you place a telephone call to an firmware revision; “test” messages include like interface (the second, third, and fourth alphanumeric paging service, you hear the page 11 3100 PQNode/EPRI PQPager Technical Brief phone numbers, for example). PES lets you examine the power disturbance signatures captured by your 3100, allowing you to quickly diagnose specific power problems. And you can export data from PES to Excel, Word, and other popular report-writing software. Calling your PQPager from PES It’s simple: just enter the phone number of your 3100 into PES’s data base, and click on the “Connect” button. PES will connect to your 3100, and evaluate whether its setup (thresholds, name, phone numbers, etc.) match the setup that PES has in its database. Once the setups match, you can use PES’s real-time meters and scopes, or you can change setups, or you can download event signatures. Press the PES “Disconnect” button when you’re done. Fig 29 Electrotek Concepts, +1-423-470-9222, provides software systems and services for managing data collected from a system of several 3100 PQNodes. Setup assistance, on-going system management, and You can set PES up to automatically call your consulting are available, too. 3100’s too, on a regular schedule. Choose programs through the clipboard. You can daily or weekly downloads, at times when cut and paste PES graphs into a Microsoft the phone charges are minimal. Word report, for example, or export the raw PES data into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet Calling PES from your PQPager for further analysis. You can set PES into its “Callback” mode, Now you can even export your 3100 events and include your computer’s phone number directly to the World Wide Web! Electrotek in your 3100’s list of phone calls. Any time Concepts offers a series of services and there’s a disturbance, your 3100 will call software packages, including WebPES, that your computer, and PES will answer and move power quality events directly from your download the event. You’ll have a real-time 3100 to a standard web site. database of power quality signatures. Deleting data stored in your PQPager Once you have downloaded the events from your 3100 to PES, you can have PES automatically delete them from your 3100, Fig 28 If you want, you can easily export your raw 3100 data points from PES to Microsoft Excel making more room for new events. This is for further analysis. the usual practice; however, if several users are getting data from the same 3100, you listened to them. may want to leave the data in place inside the 3100 until everybody has examined it. Exporting PQPager data to Fig 30 WebPES from Electrotek Concepts Of course, you can also delete data using the spreadsheets, reports automatically posts your 3100 data on your voice-mail-like interface, just like you delete PES can quickly and easily export your 3100 Internet or Intranet web site, where you can view it with any Web browser. your voice mail messages after you have events and signatures to standard Windows tel:+1-732.287.3680 fax:+1-732-248-1834 © 1998 Dranetz-BMI. All rights reserved. www.dranetz-bmi.com Printed in the United States. Specifications are subject to change without notice. Dranetz-BMI • Edison, NJ • USA 1-800-372-6832 page 12  PQNode and PQPager are registered trademarks of Dranetz-BMI. Rev 11/98